Front-Country Campers' Constraints,Negotiation, and Pro-Environment Behavioral Intention: An Extension to the Theory of Planned Behavior

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been successfully tested in leisure and outdoor recreation studies over the last few decades. However, the inclusion of new predictors to improve the theory's predictive power has been encouraged. Utilizing leisure constraints approach, we extended the TPB by adding constraints to the theory. The literature also suggested that individuals employ cognitive and behavioural negotiation strategies to overcome their constraints. Therefore, the influence of negotiation through the constraints was also explored in this study. A sample of 1,009 front-country campers was analyzed to test the proposed extension to the TPB. Results of structural equation modeling confirmed a strong, negative indirect association between constraints and intention. Negotiation was positively and indirectly associated with intention. The proposed extension to the TPB was capable of capturing 84% of variation in intention. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

我国企业年金计划模式选择

针对我国目前的国情现状和企业年金计划的发展阶段,在企业年金计划的基金积累和支付、运营、税制优惠、监管四个环节,分别采用兼容收益确定型和缴费确定型优势的模式、信托基金型模式、EET税制模式、定量限制型模式,才能从根本上促进我国企业年金计划的顺畅运行,使其真正成为我国养老金计划的＂第二支柱＂。     

双参饮片—标准汤剂—成品量值传递研究

为将少数民族用药双参开发成配方颗粒,建立双参饮片、标准汤剂与配方颗粒的高效液相色谱马钱苷酸含量测定方法及薄层色谱鉴别方法,并同时考察双参饮片—标准汤剂—配方颗粒的量值传递关系。采用安捷伦1260Ⅱ液相色谱仪与Waters Symmetry C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1％磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为240 nm,流速为1 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,建立马钱苷酸含量测定方法;以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（10∶2∶1）为展开剂,置紫外光灯（254 nm）下检视,建立薄层鉴别方法;以出膏率、马钱苷酸含量、薄层鉴别图谱为主要评价指标,分析量值传递规律。结果表明：马钱苷酸含量测定、鉴别方法具有较高的稳定性、重复性及可信度;3批双参配方颗粒出膏率均值为18.7%,马钱苷酸含量均值为41.1 mg/g,马钱苷酸含量转移率均值为43.1%,均在15批标准汤剂均值±3SD范围内。马钱苷酸含量测定和薄层色谱鉴别方法可用于双参配方颗粒质量评价,为进一步开展双参配方颗粒研究提供数据基础,并促进少数民族用药现代化。     

京津冀区域梯度差的城市引力分析

一般来说,协调发展是区域经济发展的最高目标,而减小区域梯度差,使区域内各经济实体协调发展,也是京津冀城市群未来发展的目标。在我国的三大城市群中,京津冀城市群一直没有形成特色鲜明的二级经济中心城市,使得京津冀区域发展不平衡性明显,形成了明显的区域梯度差。本文基于城市引力模型,计算河北省各市与京津地区的城市引力值的大小,按城市引力值的大小,对河北省各个城市进行排序,形成不同的城市层级。吸引力最大形成第一层级,吸引力次大形成第二层级,吸引力较小的形成第三层级。然后针对不同引力、不同层级的城市给出产业政策或经济政策方面的建议,最终促进京津冀区域的协调发展。     

基于投入-产出理论的宁波物流业产业特性分析

本文运用投入产出分析方法,研究了物流业在国民经济中的作用,通过对2002年宁波投入产出表的计算分析,定量研究了物流业的产业特性,物流业对国民经济各部门的影响力系数、感应度系数、物流业的前向与后向波及效应。本文研究的结论表明:宁波物流业的影响力高于感应力,适宜采取主动发展模式;大部分的物流服务产品被国民经济各部门用作中间产品投入生产消费,物流业与其他产业的前向相关性比较强,对其他产业发展产生很大的推动作用等一系列相应结论。     

Competition in government and industry procurement contracting

This study explores government and industry procurement official's perception of inhibiting factor importance to competition in Federal contracting. Within the government sector as well as the industrial sector there are no significant differences in perceived factor importance. However, between the industry and government sectors significant differences in perceived factor importance do exist. The study also reveals some commonality of factors identified by both sectors as important inhibitors to competition.     

Indivisible commodities and an equivalence theorem on the strong core

We consider a pure exchange economy with finitely many indivisible commodities that are available only in integer quantities. We prove that in such an economy with a sufficiently large number of agents, but finitely many agents, the strong core coincides with the set of expenditure-minimizing Walrasian allocations. Because of the indivisibility, the preference maximization does not imply the expenditure minimization. An expenditure-minimizing Walrasian equilibrium is a state where, under some price vector, all agents satisfy both the preference maximization and the expenditure minimization.     

Airport traffic complexity and environment efficiency metrics for evaluation of ATM measures

For a given (current or planned) traffic demand, different air traffic management measures could result in different airport traffic complexity and efficiency. This paper presents the research on the relationship between airport traffic complexity and time and environmental efficiency for different air traffic control (ATC) tactics applied to the given or planned airport layout. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of airport traffic complexity, aircraft fuel consumption, gas emissions and time efficiency for different ATC tactics and/or airport airfield layouts. For busy airports during peak hours, arrival queuing delays, taxi-in, taxi-out times and departure queuing delays increase, which induces additional unnecessary fuel consumption, gas emission and time inefficiency. In order to find a tool which could indicate potential delay generators, a measure of airport traffic complexity – called Dynamic Complexity is proposed. Experiments were performed for airports with different airfield layouts, for different traffic demands and ATC applied tactics using SIMMOD simulation model. Traffic situations were analyzed and delays were measured. The values of airport traffic complexity, fuel consumption and gas emissions were also determined. A comparative analysis of the results show: first, the proposed airport traffic complexity metric quite satisfactorily reflects the influence of traffic characteristics upon the environmental state of the system, and second, different ATM strategic and tactical measures (airport airfield infrastructure development and applied ATC tactics) could significantly reduce traffic complexity and increase time and environmental efficiency at the airport.     

ST公司的治理“病因”与“康复”之策

股权结构严重失衡、最终控制人产权不清、管理层薪酬与绩效脱节等问题是ST公司治理水平落后、经营绩效低下的主要原因。完善股权制衡机制、规范薪酬奖励、强化产权对经营者的正向约束、优化委托代理关系是ST公司完善公司治理、摆脱经营困境的必由之路。     

资源型城市金融锁定与反锁定研究——以铜陵市为例

文章以资源型城市铜陵市为例,运用实证分析方法,对铜陵市十余个行业资金配置效率进行排序,并通过与EVA（经济增加值）回报率排序进行比较分析,来探讨资源型城市的金融锁定与反锁定安排。认为在资源型城市中,金融服务较为集中于以资源为主导的行业,产业结构制约了金融资源配置的优化,欠佳的信贷结构又反过来加深了产业结构的锁定。其次银行业金融机构要想在资源型经济中获得可持续发展,就不能固守单一追求效率原则。一方面通过信贷结构的调整,推动产业的转型和优化升级,延伸产业链,提升产品附加值;另一方面通过实施金融资源重置,谋划新兴工业化经济发展战略,打破传统的过度依赖于少数几个产业的瓶颈。