电力生产、跨省交易与能源环境效率

将电力生产作为先行于其他社会生产的生产环节,在考虑规模越来越大的电力跨省交易和非期望产出(二氧化碳排放、工业废气总排放量、工业废水总排放量等)的基础上,使用非参数网络数据包络分析模型测算了2000—2012年中国省域能源环境效率。结果表明:与考虑电力生产和跨省交易的网络DEA模型相比,利用传统DEA方法会高估电力输入省的能源环境效率、低估电力输出省的能源环境效率。指出调整电力生产布局和跨省输送网络可以有效提高地区的能源环境效率。     

基于AHP与DEA方法的创新效率研究

企业的技术创新能力是现代经济社会进步与发展的重要标志。在企业创新效率评价中,数据包络分析法(DEA)具有无需对输入和输出指标的计量单位或量纲进行统一,也不需要事先确定属性之间的相对权重等优势,已经被大量应用于创新效率的评价。但DEA方法只凭借客观数据,并未考虑决策的主观因素,在传统应用时有所限制。为了解决DEA方法在实际应用中的局限,使效率评价更加贴合实际要求,本文将AHP和DEA相结合,以重庆市八类企业为研究对象,通过首先引入AHP方法对相关指标进行筛选,确立符合地区现状的评价体系,再利用DEA评价其创新能力的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率情况,最后为当地政府的相关政策制定提供建议。     

我国最低工资政策的就业效应——基于北京市和重庆市建筑业的分析

VAR模型对最低工资就业效应的分析结果显示:北京市的最低工资标准与建筑业就业只是在数理统计上存在关系,并没有实际的经济意义;最低工资对重庆市建筑业的微弱负影响可以忽略不计。最低工资的就业效应并不明显,可以紧密联系行业平均工资来调整最低工资标准,以保障劳动者的基本生活。     

科技型小微企业创新生态系统网络治理研究

建立一个完整、高效的创新生态系统是破解科技型小微企业创新困境、提高创新效率，以及助力新旧动能转换的有效途径。基于生态系统理论和演化动力学模型，构建科技型小微企业创新生态系统网络框架和网络联结模式，利用竞争、互利共生和捕食关系演化模型，分析演化模型的均衡点及其稳定条件。结果发现，创新生态位重叠程度决定了竞争激烈程度，系统演化均衡条件是主体间分工程度高，且嵌入适度。最后，从价值主体和机构主体两个方面〖JP〗提出推进科技型小微企业创新生态系统不断进化的治理策略。     

深圳国际低碳城“营城模式”的启示

深圳国际低碳城应对发展面临的创新、资金筹集和合作创新等需求,构建了一体化营城的模式,通过完善低碳城管理体制,探索构建多方合作及利益共享机制;通过发挥综合运营平台优势,提供全方位、全过程的专业服务;通过推进资源、资产、资本综合管理,创新多元化的筹资机制,在低碳城建设运营中取得了良好成效,并在创新新型园区建设运营、正确处理政府和企业在发展新兴产业中的关系方面,提供了有益的借鉴。     

国家重点科技资源支撑区域创新经济产出的空间差异研究

根据2011-2014年科技部《国家重点科技基础条件资源调查表》以及国家统计年鉴数据,首先,使用赫芬达尔指数定量描述了利用国家重点科技资源进行创新活动的非均衡性。其次,使用网络DEA方法,实证分析了2012-2014年中国(内地)各省份国家重点科技资源对区域创新发展的支撑作用。研究表明,国家重点科技资源对区域创新发展的支撑作用不仅取决于资源创新生产阶段,而且受制于重点科技资源支持下的区域创新发展阶段。重点科技资源的支撑作用还有较大提升空间,70%的省份创新成果转化能力有待提高,且大部分省份的国家重点科技资源未实现优化配置。此外,全国及东部、中部和西部国家重点科技资源对区域创新发展的支撑效率不存在绝对收敛趋势。     

Operational performance of U.S. public rail transit and implications for public policy

In today's tough economic environment, governments at all levels face significant budget shortfalls and public rail transit systems must compete with other public services for government subsidies. It is critical that public rail transit systems be concerned with their operational performance and efficient use of resources. In this paper, we develop a methodology that measures a rail transit system's performance relative to that of other rail transit systems, compares its performance to an appropriate efficient benchmark system, and identifies the sources of its inefficiency. We analyze the relationship between public subsidies and operational performance of public rail systems and show an inverse relationship between subsidization and efficiency.     

Efficiency evaluation of the regional high-tech industry in China: A new framework based on meta-frontier dynamic DEA analysis

This paper proposes a new framework based on the combination of the dynamic DEA, meta-frontier analysis theory, and truncated regression model, and then focuses on the efficiency evaluation of regional high-tech industries in China. For all of the overall technical efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency scores, the east area is always in the lead, with the central and west areas obviously lagging behind. The eastern area has the highest technology level, whereas the west and central areas fall behind in turn. However, the meta-technology ratio of the west area has rapidly increased and presents a trend of catching up with the east. The variables of GRP per capital, total exports and imports, highway mileage per capita, and ratio of tertiary industry to GRP have positive relationships with technical efficiency, and the time trend exhibits a negative coefficient.     

Operating efficiency in Chinese universities: An extended two-stage network DEA approach

The result shows that it accepts the null hypothesis. Namely, there is no significant difference in the operating efficiency of universities in different regions. That is to say, although the efficiency of the central and western universities is slightly better than that of the eastern universities in terms of the average efficiency, there is no significant efficiency difference among the eastern, central, and western regions statistically. Therefore, it shows a balanced development trend for the efficiency of universities in different regions.     

The relevance of commuting zones for regional spending efficiency

We use data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency scores to show that clustering municipalities into encompassing regional clusters improves spending efficiency of single stand-alone municipalities. We propose a new geographic aggregation based on municipalities-to-municipalities commuting flows, defined using hierarchical cluster analysis. Our example for Portugal shows that from an output-oriented perspective between 83% and 98% of municipalities would increase their efficiency scores, while from an input-oriented perspective between 86% and 98% of municipalities would also be better off in terms of efficiency. Then using a linear regression model, we find that population increases positively affects the efficient scores (via scale economies). Also, increases in the share of high-educated and poorer residents leads to higher efficiency scores.