信息经济学视角下农户对信息需求的困境

本文运用信息经济学基本理论对农户信息需求不足的问题进行了分析,认为农户信息搜寻成本过高、农业信息市场不完善、农户自身素质偏低是农户信息需求面临困境的主要原因。并在此基础上提出加强农户的组织化水平,建立、健全农业信息经纪人制度,开发针对基层农户的农业信息市场模式,加强对农户的基础教育和职业教育等措施以提高农户的信息需求水平。     

Load profiles and flexibility in operation of washing machines and dishwashers in Europe

While the energy generation system is changing towards the use of more renewable energies, the problem of how to deal with fluctuating energy supply is increasing. Smart appliances in households are often referenced as one possible solution, as their operation may be shifted in time and, thus, used to balance an unstable energy supply. The potential of such appliances has been studied to date mainly in pilot installations with a very limited number of participants or by making assumptions on what might be possible. With this work, a semi‐representative approach for 12 European countries was used to assess actual consumer habits for the use of washing machines and dishwashers which then could be used to calculate average load profiles for those appliances depending on the time of the day. Using these profiles, it is strait forward to calculate how much load may be shifted by those appliances in a demand response application. This allows aggregators or energy utilities to assign clear financial benefits to the shifting potential of those appliances. Consumers use the shifting of appliance operation already today for various reasons. Investigating these reasons allows to learn already a lot about the flexibility of consumers.     

新疆样本县（市）农户借贷行为调查分析

本文通过对新疆玛纳斯县、呼图壁县、吉木萨尔县、吐鲁番市、托克逊县农村信用社和农户的实地调查,对农户的借贷需求行为进行了分析,得出了农户借贷行为的特征。本文认为农户的经济行为特征和资金需求特征对其金融需求具有十分重要的影响。     

小企业需要怎样的金融服务——以义乌箱包行业为例

小企业金融服务是长期探讨和研究的话题,但很少有人会从小企业具体运行的业务模式和资金流向去分析探究其资金需求的特点,本文以具有准入门槛低、劳动就业容量大、生产涉及面广等特征的义鸟的箱包行业入手去分析小企业的金融服务需求,先分析了箱包行业的业务模式、再分析箱包行业的资金特征和对应的资金需求,再是银行可根据这些资金需求开展哪些业务创新,最后得出银行做好小企业金融服务的关键点是:寻求可靠的风险控制点,把可能产生的各类风险通过合理、规范的设计进行转移消除这个结论.     

Transfer payments from the central government to the local governments and the local governments' efforts on taxation: taking China as an example

The influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments' efforts on taxation must be taken into consideration by every country for the design of the transfer payments. Based on the theoretical analysis on the influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments'payments, this paper indicates that the local governments'efforts on taxation depends on the demand elasticity of the district for public goods. It increases with the increase of the elasticityλ.Judge the degree of the local government's efforts on taxation by measureλ. After an empirical analysis on the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments from 2000 to 2004, thins paper gets the conclusion that the local governments'efforts on taxation abates with the increase of supporting payments or with the increase of the ratio of transfer payments to local willing public payments. Under specific circumstances, the higher the ratio of transfer payments to the local fiscal expenditure is, the smaller the local governments' efforts on taxation is under the central payments, whereas the higher the local income is, the higher the efforts is under the eentral payments. Based on this. this paper gives the meanmg of its corresponding policies.     

基于新疆竞争优势的中亚市场商品需求情况分析

本文对目前及未来中长期中亚国内市场短缺、需求量大而中国新疆又有竞争优势的行业及其产品需求情况进行了分析，以期对中国新疆企业面向中亚市场“走出去”提供借鉴。     

U.S. Virgin Islands National Park:

No abstract available for this article.     

新疆企业用工需求与劳动力供给问题调查研究

发展是第一要务，是解决新疆一切问题的基础。中央新疆工作座谈会的召开，19个省市的大力支持，以及中央出台的一系列特殊优惠政策和措施，为新疆大建设、大开放、大发展提供了前所未有的历史机遇。疆内众多企业在此大环境下抓住有利时机，增加订单，扩大产能，千方百计加快发展。此时企业用工需求量也在大幅增加，出现了“招工难”、“用工荒”的社会现象，已影响到企业的生产经营和发展前景。本文立足新疆实际，采用问卷调查的方法，对当前企业用工和劳动力供给状况以及存在的问题开展调查研究，深刻剖析了企业劳动力供给与需求不匹配的原因和症结，并提出政策建议。     

Analysis and design of focused demand chains

The paper describes the evolution of focused demand chains over an extended period of time as a major UK lighting manufacturer has sought to remain an international player in a fast changing business environment. Analysis and design procedures make use of the concepts of Wickham Skinner and Marshall Fisher to answer the strategic questions “what facilities are required and how should they be laid out to enable the necessary focused demand chains?” and to answer the tactical question “which focused demand chain is appropriate for this product?” The case study then details how the company has been transformed from operating within a traditional supply chain to driving change via the engineering of four focused demand chains. The paper concludes with a comparison of operations enablers, customer choice, and business performance metrics covering the transition period culminating in the current focused demand chain scenario. By matching products to the appropriate value stream there is a consequential reduction in product development time of 75%; manufacturing costs reduction of up to 27%; and up to 95% reduction in delivery lead times.     

Estimating demand from eBay prices

This paper presents results for identification and estimation of the value distribution from eBay auction prices. The paper presents results for eBay type auctions with independent private values and unobserved participation. It is first shown that the distribution of values is identified from observing the distribution of prices and knowing the distribution of potential bidders. The main identification result presents conditions for which the distribution of values and the distribution of potential bidders are simultaneously identified. Not surprisingly, the intuition is similar to the standard results for identifying demand from observed equilibrium prices. The estimation method suggested by the identification results is used to estimate the value distribution for the “C5” Chevrolet Corvette sold on eBay. The results suggest that a simple OLS model on prices will over estimate the mean value of the item. The estimation results are then used to calculate the optimal reserve price for these cars. The estimated optimal reserves are compared to the actual reserves. Actual hidden reserves are set much higher than actual non-hidden reserves. The evidence suggests sellers set Buy-It-Nows and hidden reserves optimally to account for re-listing opportunities.