Poverty and fat consumption: Education poor or income poor?

In this paper, we question the role of added fats on health disparities in the French case and its policy implications. Since low-status populations are proven to have more nutritional pathologies, can we evidence fat consumption specificity in poor populations? We first verify the strong sensitivity of fat consumption to income and education, criteria which both characterize deprived populations. We estimate a demand system taking into account the selection issue. For this we propose a modification of the Shonkwiler and Yen's procedure which, unlike Heckman's, allows participation on every market of products to be controlled for. We use the latter procedure on a set of seven fat categories which have different, including opposite, health attributes. Our results show that segmentation following income and/or education essentially affects price elasticities. This offers different perspectives for health policies. Controlling fat consumption through prices appears easier among low-income households than among low-education households.     

建立安全生产长效机制实现渔业经济安全发展

本文从我国海洋渔业安全管理的现实需要出发，着眼于建立安全生产长效机制，提出了海洋渔业安全生产长效机制建设的指导思想，以及建立渔业安全法律法规框架、完善监管体制、建立防控体系、应急救援体系、培训教育体系、投入保障机制等六个方面的关键措施。     

江西崇义县集体林权制度改革的做法与成效

崇义县在全国森林分类改革及定向培育示范县的基础上,2004年8月以来进行了以“明晰产权、减轻税费、放活经营、规范流转”为主要内容的林业产权制度改革试点,同时进行了构建新型林业产业体系和林业投融资体系、进一步完善社会化服务保障体系的配套改革,实现了林业经营模式的重大转变及林业部门职能的转换,调整了林业经营利益格局,调动了林农经营林业的积极性。文章介绍了其林业发展的总体水平与规模、林权制度改革的主要做法及配套改革情况,提出了进一步促进林业发展的建议。     

承德市京津风沙源治理林业工程建设情况调查

自2002年实施京津风沙源治理工程以来,工程建设快速发展取得了令人瞩目的成效。但在发展中还存在诸多问题,涉及工程补助标准与年限、林粮间作、生态林与经济林比例、管理与保护等。为保障工程持续健康发展,建议调整工程造林投资标准与退耕还林相关政策,制定完善发展规划,建立林业风险基金,加快森林分类经营步伐,提高公益林补偿标准,放开商品林采伐限额。     

基于木材原料加工企业税收效应研究

选择与木材原料培育和加工密切相关的企业为研究对象,运用财务分析工具,从投资者利益角度分析现存制度下税收对企业投资获利能力的影响。揭示了企业税收负担来源,讨论了税收负担不均衡、税收制度性歧视以及政策目标混乱等问题。     

京津风沙源治理工程进展情况及存在问题

京津风沙源治理工程已开展7年,并初显成效。工程区内生态环境明显改善,依托工程建设新兴生态旅游业、种植业、养殖业得到发展;农牧民收入不断增加,生活方式得到改善。工程建设成果主要是坚持综合治理、多管齐下,坚持机制创新多方参与;坚决治理与保护并举,生态与产业并重;坚持落实责任制、分工协作。目前,工程中存在:生态治理难、成果巩固难、后续产业难、资金保障难、综合评价难等问题。对加快工程建设提出了要保证工程建设连续性和稳定性,建立工程建设长效机制等政策建议。     

集体林权制度改革中均山制的制度机理与效应分析——基于上坪村的案例研究

以1992年开始实行均山制的上坪村为案例村,对均山制的制度机理和效应进行分析。结果表明:中国集体林权基本制度应在赋予农民个体平等经营山林的初始权利基础上,通过制度设计和实施将环境服务的社会需求转换为农户需求,引导农民行为符合森林持续经营的目标需要,以缩小环境服务社会需求与个人需求的差距。     

集体林权制度改革:“轮包制”的制度效应与瑕疵分析——基于福建省邵武市高南村的案例研究

“轮包制”以兼顾森林规模经营和初始产权动态分配为特色,在福建林业产权改革中令人关注。在对高南村“轮包制”产生的背景、效应以及瑕疵分析基础上,认为,轮包制在静态时点上具有相对合理性,但受制于初期投入对资金的依赖度、限额采伐制度、以及中标价格水平等多种因素,其在实现农户增收、村财政需求以及森林持续经营的多重目标方面存在一定的风险。     

An experimental approach to valuing new differentiated products

An experimental store was created to evaluate initial demand for locally produced and guaranteed tender steak products as a more realistic alternative to contingent valuation (CV) and dichotomous-choice experimental methods. Strengths of the approach are incentive compatibility, a realistic consumption set, and a familiar choice environment. Consumers selected among USDA Choice, premium quality, lean, guaranteed tender and locaily produced strip steaks. A double-hurdle count data model indicated initial willingness-to-pay (WTP) for locally produced steak comparable to prior CV results, but demand was highly elastic. Demand for premium quality steak crowded out demand for the guaranteed tender product, contrasting with prior dichotomous-choice experimental results.     

How Large Are Housing and Financial Wealth Effects? A New Approach

This paper presents a simple new method for measuring “wealth effects” on aggregate consumption. The method exploits the stickiness of consumption growth (sometimes interpreted as reflecting consumption “habits”) to distinguish between immediate and eventual wealth effects. In U.S. data, we estimate that the immediate (next quarter) marginal propensity to consume from a $1 change in housing wealth is about 2 cents, with a final eventual effect around 9 cents, substantially larger than the effect of shocks to financial wealth. We argue that our method is preferable to cointegration‐based approaches, because neither theory nor evidence supports faith in the existence of a stable cointegrating vector.