江、浙、沪商务成本构成比对分析及对产业转移路径的影响

本文对江、浙、沪商务成本构成趋势进行比对,并探讨其对产业转移路径的影响。研究表明:一般而言,随着经济发展,要素成本不断上升,交易成本逐步下降,而商务成本总体呈现上升的趋势。商务成本构成变化以及总体上升的趋势会对产业转移路径产生影响,大多处于产业生命周期成熟阶段的行业和劳动密集型行业向要素成本更低区域产业转移,处于产业生命周期创新和成长阶段的新兴行业则向交易成本更低区域产业集聚。经过比对,发现要素成本上海最高,江苏最低;上海交易成本最低,粗略认为浙江交易成本略低于江苏,江、浙、沪要素成本与交易成本的差异又使得制造业与第三产业部分行业在江浙沪区域内进行转移和集聚。     

The composite cost function and efficiency in giant Japanese banks

This study provides further empirical investigation, in the context of giant Japanese banks, of the recent claim by Pulley and Braunstein (1992, A composite cost function for multiproduct firms with an application to economies of scope in banking, Review of Economics and Statistics 74, 221–230), that their new composite model for the multiproduct cost function has important advantages over the separable quadratic, generalized translog and standard translog models. In addition to assessing the composite model's relative ability in measuring global scope and scale economies, the study also extends the P-B analysis to assess measurement of product-specific scope and scale economies, pairwise cost complementarities between outputs, changes in the marginal costs of outputs and technological change. The results appear to confirm P-B's chain. The persistent finding of scale economies for large Japanese banks is also investigated and confirmed.     

A stochastic cost efficiency analysis of international tourist hotels in Taiwan

The one-stage stochastic frontier approach (SFA) is used in this study to simultaneously estimate cost efficiency scores and factors of cost inefficiency for 66 international tourist hotels in Taiwan during 1997–2006. An SFA model with three outputs and three inputs is defined. The three outputs are room revenue, food and beverage revenue, and other operation revenue while the three inputs are price of labor, price of other operation, and price of food and beverage. This model also takes into account five environmental variables, including dummy variable of the hotels located in non-metropolitan area, dummy variable of chain hotels, the number of tourist guides, the minimum distance from each hotel to Taoyuan international airport and the minimum distance from each hotel to Kaohsiung international airport. Empirical results show that international tourist hotels in Taiwan are on average operating at 91.15% cost efficiency. All nominal variables are transformed into real variables in 1997 prices by GDP deflators. Chain systems, tourist guides, and international transportation can significantly improve the cost efficiency of international tourist hotels in Taiwan.     

对高职高专《成本会计》课程改革的几点思考

《成本会计》课程是高职财经类会计专业的一门重要专业课程。为适应高职教育的特点,改变高职院校成本会计的教学现状。应改革教学模式和教学内容,突出职业能力培养,加强师资队伍和教材建设,改革教学方法和手段。     

A short-term cost-effectiveness study comparing robot-assisted laparoscopic and open retropubic radical prostatectomy

Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate cost effectiveness and cost utility comparing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) versus retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP).

Methods:

In a retrospective cohort study a total of 231 men between the age of 50 and 69 years and with clinically localised prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at the Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2007, were included.

The RALP and RRP patients were matched 1:2 on the basis of age and the D’Amico Risk Classification of Prostate Cancer; 77 RALP and 154 RRP.

An economic evaluation was made to estimate direct costs of the first postoperative year and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per successful surgical treatment and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). A successful RP was defined as: no residual cancer (PSA <0.2?ng/ml, preserved urinary continence and erectile function. A one-way sensitivity analysis was made to investigate the impact of changing one variable at a time.

Results:

The ICER per extra successful treatment was €64,343 using RALP. For indirect costs, the ICER per extra successful treatment was €13,514 using RALP. The difference in effectiveness between RALP and RRP procedures was 7% in favour of RALP. In the present study no QALY was gained 1 year after RALP, however this result is uncertain due to a high degree of missing data. The sensitivity analysis did not change the results noticeably.

Limitations:

The study was limited by the design resulting in a low percentage of information on the effect of medication for erectile dysfunction and only short-term quality of life was measured at 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion:

RALP was more effective and more costly. A way to improve the cost effectiveness may be to perform RALP at fewer high volume urology centres and utilise the full potential of each robot.     

信息经济学视角下农户对信息需求的困境

本文运用信息经济学基本理论对农户信息需求不足的问题进行了分析,认为农户信息搜寻成本过高、农业信息市场不完善、农户自身素质偏低是农户信息需求面临困境的主要原因。并在此基础上提出加强农户的组织化水平,建立、健全农业信息经纪人制度,开发针对基层农户的农业信息市场模式,加强对农户的基础教育和职业教育等措施以提高农户的信息需求水平。     

中国OFDI技术创新效应的传导机制——基于资本要素市场扭曲视角的分析

本文尝试构建一个中国OFDI(对外直接投资)技术创新效应传导机制理论框架,并对资本要素市场扭曲影响OFDI技术创新效应的作用机制和结果进行拓展分析。研究表明:近年来中国企业OFDI对技术创新具有正向效果,且OFDI企业可以通过从劳动密集型向资本密集型的转型升级、提高管理效率以及生产效率这三个重要途径实现其技术创新能力的跃升;现阶段中国资本要素市场扭曲现象会显著抑制企业OFDI技术创新效应,作用机制是,资本要素市场扭曲作为干扰外部摩擦因子,通过降低企业资本要素密集度和生产效率等渠道抑制企业OFDI技术创新效果。本文进一步提出构建知识产权金融化建议,包含知识产权股权化、知识产权证券化和知识产权流动性机制等内容,以此引导更多金融资源和人力资源参与企业技术创新活动。     

信用:成本、风险与收益分析

信用活动中,筹资者为获取收益往往要花费一定成本、承担一定风险,资信越好的筹资者能以较小风险筹集到更多低成本资金;决定筹资者能否获得信用支持的主要因素是筹资者的经济规模、经济结构以及由此决定的市场竞争力;投资者为获取收益也要花费必要成本并面临诸多风险;信用短缺不仅使微观经济主体受损,更会使整个社会经济交易成本上升、交易规模下降、社会资源闲置,甚至会诱发金融危机.     

人力资源计量探讨

人力资源计量分为人力资源成本计量和人力资源价值计量,会计学界已对人力资源的这两方面计量有了一定的认识,并形成了一些计量方式,但这些方法尚有其各自的优缺点.在分析它们的主要优点和不足的基础上,本文建议对人力资源的成本计量应尽量采取历史成本法计价,对人力资源的价值计量可将未来工资报酬折现法和经济价值法结合起来使用.     

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) in Construction Schedule Risk Assessment

Construction project scheduling is one of the most critical factors for project success measurement.Not only for the project planning but for construction process management,the scheduling is the basic tool for communication between the owner and the project manager.By developing the schedule before the project starts,the owner knows in advance that the expected timeline of the project.By preparing construction process scheduling,the owner and general contractor can better manage the subcontractors,sub-trades progress,materials storage and deliveries,labors schedule and equipment set up which will eventually save time,money and hassle.Basically,Critical Path Method(CPM) is commonly used in the construction industry.CPM is a deterministic method that assumes that through the network,there is at least one path that determines the project duration and that the path is the critical path.CPM does not consider the uncertainty in the activities;rather it assumes that each activity can be finished in the given situation.Program Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT) is a stochastic technique which is based on the assumption that the duration of a single activity can be described by a probability density function.PERT takes into account the uncertainty during the construction process and has been created out of the need to plan,schedule and control complex projects with many uncertainties.The PERT approach is stated in some books and papers,but there is no deep investigation on the application in the schedule risk assessment.This paper investigates the PERT work process and takes a valuable try on the construction schedule risk assessment by using case studies.The utilization in the estimate the construction liquidated damage with the uncertainties is performed,which also can be used in the insurance company to calculate the insurance premium.