普惠金融、收入分配和贫困减缓——推进效率和公平的政策框架选择

本文从县域和省际两个层面,采用OLS最小二乘法和DID双重差分法检验了普惠金融的政策效应。研究发现,普惠金融发展初期,能够缩小城乡收入差距,但是这种效应仅在集中连片特困区显著,受资源倾向性配置的效率损失、农贷的“精英俘获”以及金融知识匮乏的影响,银行服务包容性的提高没有反映出明显的益贫性;在产品市场、要素市场和中介市场发育程度较高、对生产者和消费者合法权益保护程度较强的地区,良好的制度环境可以对金融资本扭曲配置行为加以约束,纠正普惠金融对贫困减缓的负面效应;银行、保险等正规金融机构忽视弱势群体的资源配置结构是导致包容性金融体系无法实现减贫的根源。因此,兼顾广泛包容、特定配比和商业可持续的制度框架才能扭转正规金融机构现有效率和公平皆损的局面;构建信息化普惠金融体系,能够克服正规金融机构高门槛、服务成本高以及逆向选择等问题,成为对社会帕累托最优的政策框架选择,促进收入分配公平和减缓贫困。     

广义帕累托分布模型:风险管理的工具

在广义帕累托分布模型中,门限值过小,极限定理不成立,得到的估计是有偏的;反之,门限值过大,可以分析的数据减少,分析的偏差减少,但估计的方差增加.如何适当选取门限值是一个非常关键的问题.通过对尾部分布何时服从广义帕累托分布进行检验,可得到相应的门限值和VaR,这对金融资产管理具有重要意义.     

Estimating the capital charge for external fraud risk： A clinical study

The main objective of this paper is to estimate the economic capital for covering the external fraud risk within a financial institution. This is a kind of operational risk which is due to acts of a type intended to defraud, misappropriate property or circumvent the law, by a third party. From the methodological point of view, we apply the Loss Distribution Approach （LDA）, based on the Internal Operational Loss Database （IOLD） provided by a Spanish Saving Bank. More specifically, we asses the potential impact of the severity distribution on the Capital at Risk （CAR）. In absence of normality, we try to adjust the Lognormal, Weibull and Exponential functions when modelling the severity of losses. As a result, we find a high divergence in terms of capital charge depending on the statistical model selected. In consequence, in order to obtain a realistic model, we highlight the relevance of the goodness of fit between the empirical and the theoretical distribution.     

Distribution contracts to support optimal inventory holdings under demand uncertainty

When suppliers produce products for which demand is uncertain, they face a problem of inducing downstream distributors to stock inventory levels that the suppliers prefer. This paper considers a wide array of alternative supply contracts, each of which consists of a mixture of constant per-unit wholesale prices, buy-back arrangements, and post sale payments contingent on sales made, such as revenue sharing or buybacks. We show that linear supply contracts specifying any combination of two of these three instruments can implement the vertical integrated outcome for a monopoly, thereby generating the supplier's preferred inventory configuration and price distribution. We extend our results to differentiated product oligopoly, demonstrating that each supplier obtains its preferred inventory configuration and price distribution, given the choices of its rival. Distributors choose optimal inventories from the suppliers' standpoint, even if suppliers do not know the distribution of demand uncertainty, and, given the perfect competition among distributors, all profits in the supply chain are captured by suppliers. Thus, suppliers are able to deal with demand uncertainty with remarkably little information about demand, and without the need to control dealer actions in detail. In particular, suppliers need not specify either dealer inventories or resale prices, but instead encourage distributors to order based on information in their possession and to set prices that generate desirable resale price dispersion.     

北京生产性流通服务业辐射力研究

北京市生产性流通服务业分为运输业、仓储业、邮政业和批发业四种类型。近几年北京市流通服务业滞后于生产性服务业的总体发展。流通服务业的发展动力来源于市场需求、空间集聚及政府政策。北京流通服务业的发展重点为:一方面,对传统的流通服务业进行现代化的升级改造;另一方面要大力发展流通服务业中的高端部分。北京的流通服务业要立足北京,增强在环渤海地区、全国、甚至亚洲的辐射面和辐射力度。     

协同机制下供应链剩余利润合理分配的影响因素研究

首先论述了供应链剩余利润以及该利润分配在协同供应链系统中的重要作用,分析了影响利润分配的系统外部和内部的各种因素,并利用层次分析法确定了供应链成员协作满意度和所担风险两个关键因素,指出了在有限条件下协同供应链剩余利润分配研究的重点。     

哈大齐工业走廊物流系统推进策略

本文针对哈大齐工业走廊背景资料,从交通网络和物流企业方面分析了工业走廊物流发展现状,分析了走廊建设中物流系统发展中存在的问题,并提出了相应的发展策略。     

Functional income distribution and effective demand in India: An applied post Keynesian model

This article is an attempt to understand the relationship between functional income distribution and aggregate demand in India. To this end, the article (a) highlights trends in growth and class distribution of income in India; (b) constructs a post Keynesian macro model that links short run growth with profit share, where the latter is itself driven by movements in output and real exchange rate; (c) discusses and, wherever required, estimates key parameters relevant to the Indian case; and (d) simulates the model and discusses the effect of shocks to distributive as well as autonomous demand variables on growth performance. The article finds that, although a possibility of wage-led growth in India cannot be ruled out, by and large, distributive shocks do not have a strong impact on output growth. On the other hand, an increase in public expenditure growth, although it has a strong effect on output growth, tilts income distribution toward profit earners. A comprehensive agenda involving greater public expenditure and higher wages to stimulate growth and improve distribution is therefore recommended.     

基于权利分布风险测度的工程建设重大突发事件大群体应急决策方法

针对大型工程项目突发事件应急决策参与者权利分布导致的风险,提出了一种大群体风险应急决策方法。首先,利用信息熵理论,提出了一种测量大群体决策风险的测度模型;其次,对参与决策的大群体在决策过程中由于权利分布引起的风险进行了定量计算;然后,利用风险大小确定最终偏好信息的集结结果,对应急方案进行排序选优。最后,通过工程项目建设中仓库爆炸突发事件案例分析,验证了该方法的有效性。     

我国基础研究投入的区域战略布局研究

基础研究的地域分布在一定程度上反映了地区的自主创新能力和生产力布局状况。从国家战略布局的角度出发,分析了大区和省份基础研究经费支出的分布情况,通过CRn和洛伦兹曲线两种集中度指数反映了我国基础研究投入的基本分布情况,并提出了相应的建议。