武汉市建设低碳城市的环境及双线模式分析

武汉作为国家"两型社会"建设的改革试验区,建设低碳武汉是国家赋予武汉的历史使命。在分析武汉工农业及居民碳排放基本情况的基础上,提出了建设低碳武汉的低碳经济政府-企业线和低碳生活政府-社区-家庭线的双线模式。     

FDI与中国二元经济结构演化——一个动态实证分析的考量

FDI理论和二元经济结构理论一直以来都是国内外主流经济学者研究的热点问题。但是从理论上和实证角度把二者结合起来研究的文献并不多见。为此,本文首先从古典增长理论模型出发,论述FDI对我国二元经济结构演化的影响,理论模型研究表明,FDI在促进中国经济非农化的过程中有可能加大了农业与非农业的技术与就业差距,从而加深了二元经济程度。然后重点从实证角度、运用统计分析和因果关系检验、协整检验及修正误差模型检验等计量分析手段深入研究和检验二者的长期与短期动态均衡关系。研究结果表明,FDI在促进中国经济非农化和工业化的同时,在一定程度上却加剧了中国的二元经济程度。对此,本文在最后强调应该加大对FDI的产业调整力度、规范其投资流向,同时建立一套长效机制,实现农村生产要素的市场化与整合,充分挖掘FDI在转变农业生产方式方面的潜在作用,缩小农业与城市部门生产效率的差距。     

企业区位决策、劳动力流动与集聚经济——基于外部性的一个初步思考

中国劳动力的流动是中国经济社会转型过程的产物,对不断变化中的劳动力流动持续进行观察与研究,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。经济集聚是货币外部性和技术外部性共同作用的结果。劳动力流动通过本地市场放大效应、循环累积效应影响货币外部性,并通过加快技术传播速度、提高经济个体匹配成功率影响技术外部性;以外部性为纽带,劳动力流动最终影响到了企业区位决策,从而实现经济活动的集聚。     

An Associative Approach to Risk Perception: Measuring the Effects of Risk Communications Directly and Indirectly<1?tpb=-6pt?>

Risk perception is often measured by a direct method, e.g., a questionnaire. This mainly reveals the deliberate evaluation of a risk (a so‐called secondary evaluative process), whereas risk perception can also be based on a first, spontaneous reaction (a primary evaluative process). An indirect test such as the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST, De Houwer, 2003 De Houwer, J. 2003. The Extrinsic Affective Simon Task. Experimental Psychology, 50: 77–85. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) may be needed to reveal this first, spontaneous reaction. In this study, a questionnaire and an EAST measured the effects of varying risk communications (high risk, low risk or control article), about high‐voltage power lines. The results of the EAST showed that the respondents associated power lines stronger with unhealthy than with healthy. However, the questionnaire results did not seem to indicate that the respondents considered power lines as risky. The EAST did not reveal an effect of article variation on the associations of power lines with (un)healthy. Conversely, the questionnaire results showed that article variation influenced the secondary evaluative process. Further, our findings demonstrated that the direct and indirect measures were unrelated. An indirect test may complement a direct test to get an overall picture of how people evaluate risks.     

The Information Society: Implications for Economic Institutions and Market Theory

The extraordinary growth and reduction in inequalities achieved between the mid-1960s and mid-1990s by the High Performing Asian Economies (HPAEs) — namely Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan (collectively called "the four tigers"), Japan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand — has been discussed at great length in the economic literature. However, no clear explanation has been suggested for the poor performance of other Asian economies, like India, which share the HPAEs geographical proximity and similar economic structures. This paper shows that the stark contrast between the high growth rates and declining income inequalities of HPAEs on one side, and low growth rates and stable (or rising) income inequalities of India and other Asian countries on the other side, may at least in part be explained by the different role that human capital has played in those economies between the mid-1960s and mid-1990s.     

基于RBF和PSO的双喉道气动矢量喷管优化设计

本文探索了一种能多变量综合优化的方法,即对喷管进行参数化设计后,用均匀试验设计(UED)将试验样本均匀散布在设计区间内,求出各性能参数后,利用径向基神经网络(RBF)对试验样本进行拟合,再用粒子群算法(PSO)对训练好的神经网络进行寻优,找出了更好的双喉道气动矢量喷管设计参数组合。数值模拟结果显示,优化后的双喉道气动矢量喷管的矢量角有了明显提高。试验表明这种优化方法具有很好的优化能力,可以用来对喷管几何外形进行参数优化。      

我国寿险公司范围经济效应的实证研究

我国自1996年实施产寿分业经营以来,人身保险业务快速增长,寿险公司数量急剧增加,寿险公司业务中新型寿险的比重不断上升,呈现出"一险独大"的市场状况。运用超越对数成本函数,对国内29家具有代表性的寿险公司2005-2010年期间的范围经济状况进行检验的结果显示:不同规模和背景的寿险公司的范围经济系数均比较明显,但是很多寿险公司所表现出来的范围经济性具有"欺骗性"。因此,寿险业务结构调整缺乏内部的市场激励,需要强有力的外部力量推动。     

谈进口资本品的双重效应与技术进步——基于2001-2009年中国省际面板数据分析

利用我国27个省市区2001—2009年的面板数据,采用动态面板数据模型分析方法,对进口资本品影响技术进步的双重效应、滞后效应与间接效应进行实证分析。结果显示,进口资本品对TFP的影响具有双重效应,进口资本品与TFP呈倒"U"型关系;在研究样本期内,进口资本品对TFP的负面影响占主导地位,其数量已超过最优值,此时再增加资本品进口会导致TFP下降。滞后一期的进口资本品能够促进技术进步。进口资本品还通过人力资本、FDI等间接渠道对技术进步产生积极影响。     

Globalization and specialization

The popular Dixit–Stiglitz–Ethier framework proposes that globalization increases the menu of intermediate goods available to downstream firms and that gains from specialization raise welfare unambiguously. This study shows that both results depend critically on the assumption that demand elasticities are invariable. The more general framework presented here provides two main insights: First, whether specialization rises or falls depends ultimately on the shape of the cost function, and second, globalization can actually reduce welfare in the case when specialization falls.     

规模经济：理论辨析和现实思考

规模经济的核心涵义是指在投入增加时,产出增加的比例超出投入增加的比例,单位产品的平均成本随产量的增加而降低,规模经济可划分为三个层次,我国工业企业规模不经济的表现：规模小效率低,企业创新能力弱;国际竞争力普通较低,规模不经济的主要原因：一方面是过度竞争,另一方面是行政垄断,企业集团是规模经济的发展趋势,企业实现规模经济的途径：一是内部扩张;二是外部扩张,企业在实现规模经济的过程中应遵循五个原则。