新中国初期中国共产党对城市基层社会组织重构的历史启示

新中国初期,中国共产党对城市基层社会组织进行了大规模的重构,并且取得了巨大成功.通过对新中国初期城市各类基层社会组织重构进程的历史考察,我们可以得到以下几方面的启示:强势政权的建立、政权组织的下移与城市基层政权组织的强化是当时成功实现城市基层社会组织重构的基础与前提;城市基层社会的全面组织化是当时实现城市社会整合的强大...     

Antecedents and consequences of the perceived adjustment of Japanese expatriates in the USA

The present study was designed to better understand the antecedents and consequences of expatriate adjustment in an international assignment. The researchers surveyed Japanese expatriates assigned to the United States. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test our hypotheses and model. The results indicated that previous knowledge of the host country, language proficiency, willingness to communicate and perception of the novelty of the host culture were differentially related to expatriates' adjustment to the host country. General and work adjustments were negatively related to expatriates' intent to return early. In addition, interrelationships among the adjustment dimensions were examined and the results indicated that general adjustment leads to work adjustment, which, in turn, influences interactional adjustment. Implications for future research are presented.     

反倾销应诉三种模式的比较分析

中国是世界上遭受反倾销诉讼最多的国家。加强我国企业反倾销应诉工作迫在眉睫。国内外学者提出了三种应对模式，即企业自行应对、行业协会组织应对和政府统一应对。这三种应对模式在应对反倾销的各个过程中都具有各自独特的优缺点。我国企业应借助行业协会的力量，在国家的支持下，充分发挥自身力量，赢取反倾销诉讼的胜利。     

日本企业应对外贸摩擦的经验研究

在如何应对国际贸易摩擦方面,日本企业积累了许多成功的经验:通过对外直接投资不但有效地缓和了贸易摩擦,而且加速了日本产业结构的调整与升级、加速了日本经济的国际化,促进了以日本为核心的区域性经济合作圈的形成,增强了日本在国际贸易摩擦谈判中讨价还价的能力;通过产品开发的新战略和确保市场竞争优势战略等战略的实施进一步拓展了国际市场;通过防卫性公关与进攻性公关密切配合有效地化解了日本在贸易摩擦中的被动局面;通过引进技术与加强自主创新相结合使日本企业在日趋激烈的国际贸易摩擦中始终处于比较主动的地位;通过构建国际贸易摩擦预警机制使日本政府、企业和行业协会密切配合,进一步提高了应对国际贸易摩擦的效率。     

Detecting food emergencies: Lessons from the 1979 Bangladesh crisis

Much of the work done on Bangladesh's vulnerability to food emergencies has focused on the famine of 1974. However, it is also instructive to consider the experience of 1979, when outright famine was narrowly averted, although there were certainly excess deaths from starvation in some localities. This paper outlines the main features of the crisis and considers the degrees of usefulness of available macroeconomic indicators of stress which might be taken as a basis for government action in the future. The paper concludes by briefly outlining the kinds of action which are likely to be most appropriate to arresting a developing food emergency in Bangladesh.     

The Economics of State Subsidies in Early Stage Financing

We analyze the effect of state subsidies on early stage investments. In a two‐period investment model with incomplete stage financing contracts, we describe optimal and second‐best investment levels. Optimality depends on external effects: given that private early stage financing generates positive external effects, the subsidies might be designed to use scarce state money most efficiently to mobilize private investment capital. However, a subsidy might also contribute to greater efficiency of the contractual relationship itself without regard to external effects. Refinancing subsidies can be optimal under both perspectives and are always optimal under last of the two approaches. The comparison of the main types of subsidies, i.e. refinancing subsidies, guarantees and direct investments, speaks against the use of guarantees. Finally, we show that our results do also hold if some investors (e.g. venture capitalists) have a superior screening capability.     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响与对策

21世纪以来我国农产品贸易增长迅速,正逐步迈向农产品贸易大国。但在农产品出口贸易量连续增长的同时,国外对我国农产品设立的技术性贸易壁垒也呈现出增长的态势,技术性贸易壁垒已经成为阻碍我国农产品出口的第一大非关税壁垒。因此,深入剖析当前技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口贸易造成的消极影响,并提出相应对策,有利于我国农产品出口贸易的发展和农产品出口竞争力的提高。     

Hiring Older Employees: Do the Age Limits of Early Retirement and the Contribution Rates of Firms Matter?

We examine the effects of a Finnish pension reform on firms' incentives to hire older employees. The reform restricted the eligibility ages for early retirement and changed the size‐related contribution rates of firms. According to our theoretical model, the positive effect on the values of new hires extends to age groups younger than those directly affected by the reform, and the effects are strongest in the largest firms. These model predictions were confirmed in a difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences analysis on the probability of the hiring of workers of different ages in firms of different sizes.     

Systemic financial risk early warning of financial market in China using Attention-LSTM model

We propose an Attention-LSTM neural network model to study the systemic risk early warning of China. Based on text mining, the network public opinion index is constructed and used as a training set to be incorporated into the early warning model to test the early warning effect. The results show that: (i) the network public opinion is the non-linear Granger causality of systemic risk. (ii) The Attention-LSTM neural network has strong generalization ability. Early warning effects have been significantly improved. (iii) Compared with the BP neural network model, the SVR model and the ARIMA model, the LSTM neural network early warning model has a higher accuracy rate, and its average prediction accuracy for systemic risk indicators has been improved over short, medium and long terms. When the attention mechanism is included in the LSTM, the Attention-LSTM neural network model is even more accurate in all the cases.     

Political booms and currency crises

This paper shows evidence that political booms, defined as the rise in governments’ popularity, are associated with a higher likelihood of currency crises. The reasoning behind this finding is that prudent economic policies to address underlying weaknesses in the economy may be political costly for incumbent governments in the short-term. Hence, popularity-concerned governments may not have enough incentives to take such corrective actions in a timely manner. This approach, in turn, can deteriorate economic fundamentals and increase related risks in the economy which can eventually lead to crises. This paper sheds light on this phenomenon in the case of currency crises, suggesting that currency crises can be viewed as “political booms gone bust” events. Moreover, it finds that higher international reserves, higher exports, and a higher degree of financial openness alleviate the effect of political booms on currency crises.