Evaluation of medical costs associated with use of new oral anticoagulants compared with standard therapy among venous thromboembolism patients

Objective:

This study evaluated differences in medical costs associated with clinical end-points from randomized clinical trials that compared the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, to standard therapy for treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Research design and methods:

Event rates of efficacy and safety end-points from the clinical trials (RE-COVER, RE-COVER II, EINSTEIN-Pooled, AMPLIFY, Hokusai-VTE trial) were obtained from published literature. Incremental annual medical costs among patients with clinical events from a US payer perspective were obtained from the literature or healthcare claims databases and inflation adjusted to 2013 costs. Differences in total medical costs associated with clinical end-points for the NOACs vs standard therapy were then estimated. One-way and Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses were carried out.

Results:

A lower rate of major bleedings was associated with use of any of the NOACs vs standard therapy. Except for dabigatran, use of NOACs was also associated with a lower rate of recurrent VTE/death. As a result of the reduction in clinical event rates, the overall medical cost differences were ?$146, ?$482, ?$918, and ?$344 for VTE patients treated with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, respectively, vs patients treated with standard therapy.

Conclusions:

When any of the four NOACs are used instead of standard therapy for acute VTE, treatment medical costs are reduced. Apixaban is associated with the greatest reduction in medical costs, which is driven by medical cost reductions associated with both efficacy and safety end-points. Further evaluation may be needed to validate these results in the real-world setting.     

国际油价波动对经济增长的影响——基于中国的实证分析

基于1990年1月至2009年3月的月度数据,本文实证分析了我国经济增长与国际石油价格之间的长期变动关系,其特点在于,采用稳健性较强的T-Y因果检验来分析油价与经济增长的Granger因果关系,同时,运用非对称协整技术以考察油价与经济增长之间的非线性关系。研究发现：①长期中油价是我国经济增长的单向Granger原因;②油价与我国经济增长之间存在非对称协整关系,油价上涨对经济活动的负面影响大于油价下跌的积极影响。基于中国经济运行的实际,本文还分析了实证结果背后的原因,并提出当前国际金融危机背景下,油价呈下跌趋势,需抓住有利时机,动用外汇储备,大力购入石油资源,建立起石油战略储备;在经济复苏、油价上涨时,可以启动石油战略储备来减少石油供应冲击,从而有助于及时保证我国经济平稳快速增长的政策建议。     

高新区与区域经济耦合协调发展时空格局评价研究

高新区在国家创新发展战略中处于重要地位,与区域经济的耦合协调发展对正值转型发展时期的中国至关重要。在高新区与区域经济耦合协调机理分析的基础上构建耦合协调度评价模型,从全国视角对高新区与所在城市耦合协调度的时空分布特征进行了研究。结果表明：从时序特征来看,高新区与区域经济系统的耦合协调度逐年上升,但耦合协调整体水平偏低;从空间分布来看,耦合协调度具有明显的东西空间分异特征,且高新区发展超前型地区范围逐渐扩大并呈集聚态势。     

长江经济带人才集聚水平测度及时空演变研究——基于价值链视角

基于价值链视角,构建涵盖人才资源在区域空间层面集聚生成、地区配置、效能产出3个维度在内的区域人才集聚水平评价指标体系,采用专家咨询AHP-信息熵组合赋权法构建综合评价模型和耦合协调度模型,对2010—2018年长江经济带沿线省市人才集聚水平进行测度与时空演化特征分析。结果表明,就长江经济带整体而言,考察期内地区人才集聚水平总体呈现逐年上升态势,但仍处于低水平状态;沿线省市人才集聚水平差异显著,缩小趋势渐缓,整体呈现局部高水平、全局低效率的不利境况;各省市人才集聚水平关键维度的耦合协调度整体呈显著波动递增态势,但内部耦合协调度存在不平衡发展问题,影响地区人才集聚水平整体提升。为提升长江经济带人才集聚水平,推进沿线地区协调发展,需强化区域人才合作机制,采取差别化精准策略破解沿线地区人才集聚低水平、不协调的短板因素。     

经济结构约束下中小保险公司发展对经济增长的影响

大量研究发现保险业活动可以影响经济增长,但对于保险业的结构特征和区域差异对经济增长是否有作用却鲜有涉及。本文运用中国31个省份（直辖市）在1999-2008年间的面板数据,利用固定效应模型和系统广义矩方法进行了计量分析。我们发现保险业活动、结构以及保险业结构与经济结构的匹配对经济发展具有显著的影响：中小保险公司市场份额的提高有利于经济增长;保险业结构与经济结构匹配时会促进经济增长,反之则会抑制经济增长。本文还构建了相对保险深度指标对全国样本进行分类,发现不同区域保险业结构与经济结构的协同效应对经济增长的影响规律存在一定的差异。     

技术进步偏向、创新要素配置与经济韧性

基于2006—2020年中国内地31个省域面板数据,从影响传导机制、非线性特质角度探究技术进步偏向对经济韧性的影响效应。结果发现：(1)技术进步偏向对经济韧性具有显著正向影响,这一结论在稳健性与内生性检验中依然成立;(2)就作用机制而言,创新要素配置是影响技术进步偏向作用于经济韧性的重要机制;(3)门槛模型检验结果显示,技术进步偏向指数及其子维度与经济调整适应能力不存在非线性作用关系,但与经济创新转型能力具有非线性关系。因此,要合理引导技术发展方向,发挥技术进步偏向的积极作用;充分发挥“有效市场”和“有为政府”的合力作用,优化创新要素配置;以技术创新、理念革新与机制鼎新抵御潜在风险,增强经济韧性。     

应对疫情冲击的财税政策建议

公共财政的主要职能就是提供满足公共需要的产品与服务,公共卫生是其重要组成部分。面对新冠肺炎疫情,财政需要在支持抓好疫情防控工作的前提下,深入系统分析新冠肺炎疫情对我国经济社会发展造成的影响,进一步发挥财政职能作用,帮助企业渡过难关、恢复生产,努力保持经济社会平稳健康发展。     

分析设计师在品牌服装设计中的作用——谈现代服装设计师的培养

设计师的综合能力在很大程度上制约着品牌的发展。品牌服装企业对优秀服装设计人才的渴望日趋明显。如何培养适应现代企业发展需要和适应市场变化需要的专业性高素质人才,成为现代服装高等教育所面临的一个重要问题。改变现行的教学模式,以服装企业的人才需求模式为依据,与市场变化紧密结合,改变教学内容,培养适合品牌服装企业发展需要的专业设计人才是改变品牌服装企业人才供需矛盾的必由之路。     

“德隆系”失败原因研究综述

在经济转型时期的中国,许多企业在成长的过程中,由于宏观层面上受到经济周期波动的影响,或者由于微观层面上自身不能适应经济发展对产业结构升级的要求,或者由于违规经营等原因而出现了财务危机,德隆系是其中最典型的案例。德隆系的成功曾经是学界津津乐道的奇迹,德隆系后来的失败又激起了学者的许多反思,许多学者对德隆系的成败进行了剖析。本文对德隆系成功与失败的原因研究进行了综述,并指出这些研究具有一定的合理性,具有一定的理论价值,但忽视了德隆系成败理论框架建立的基础——中国经济转型。     

Applying fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) to identify solutions of service delivery system for port of Kaohsiung

The main purpose of this paper is to apply fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) model to identify solutions of service delivery system (SDS) for port of Kaohsiung from the viewpoints of customers. At first, to facilitate the main issue of the QFD problem, however, the ‘what’ question of customer needs and ‘how’ problem of the services have to be made, which are two major components and be emphasized on the house of quality (HOQ) matrices. In conjunction with fuzzy sets theory, hence, the systematic procedures using fuzzy QFD were proposed in this paper. Subsequently, a case study for port of Kaohsiung demonstrated the systematic appraisal process for identifying solutions of SDS. The results of empirical study show that (1) 10 key factors are deemed as to have priority to improve the quality of SDS for Kaohsiung port; and (2) eight feasible solutions for improving service quality performance are identified. Moreover, it is suggested that port Authority of Kaohsiung should listen attentively the voice of customers and emphasize on exploiting these customer requirements effectively. And then develop the ‘how’ issues of profiles of solutions, which should continuously strengthen the perspectives of customer, internal business process, and learning and growth, respectively.