中国服务业生产率与规模报酬分析

服务业的快速发展对促进中国经济增长与解决农村剩余劳动力转移问题具有重要的现实意义.本文通过建立超越对数生产函数的经济计量模型,定量分析了1990-2001年中国服务业的生产率与规模报酬状况,并计算了决定中国服务业增加值的两种投入要素资本和劳动的边际产出弹性、替代弹性与边际生产率,最后分析了这一估计结果对今后发展中国服务业的政策含义.     

Productivity growth and income in the tourism sector: Role of tourism demand and human capital investment

This paper proposes a model for the demand for tourism in the context of a developing country. The parameters of the model are a tourist sector characterised by monopolistic competition, where human capital is the main factor of production and hotels have market power. Additionally land use is marked by demand from both agricultural and tourism sectors. From the household side, a simplified OLG approach is developed to consider consumption, human activity and the number of children. A dynamic framework is therefore identified to investigate the long-run consequences of increasing labor productivity and lowering the fertility rate. If the supply-side policy leads to economic growth, the tourism led growth hypothesis is theoretically confirmed. It is concluded that an increase in labor productivity generates positive growth effects only if the demand for tourism is elastic, otherwise negative results arise.     

中国制造业外包对劳动力需求弹性及就业的影响

研究目标：测算中国30省份的生产者责任以及消费者责任CO2排放量;各个省份的净碳转移量以及进出口隐含碳排放;测算省间的碳转出量,计算8大区域的净碳转移量,并分析了碳转移的方向。研究方法：借助投入产出表,用多区域投入产出模型测算各省份各行业的CO2排放量以及省间的碳转移量。研究发现：两种责任测算的CO2排放量差别较大;广东、上海、北京、浙江、江苏的净碳转出量最大,内蒙古、山西、河北、新疆、贵州的净碳转入量最大;东部沿海、南部沿海以及京津地区的净碳转出量最大,西北地区的净碳转入量最大。研究创新：用投入产出表结合能源平衡表测算各省份各行业的直接CO2排放量;研究了省间的碳转移。研究价值：对中国的碳减排具有一定的政策建议。     

会计管制与会计制度弹性

企业的契约本质决定了会计作为制造共同知识和控制机制在企业实施的必然性。信息不对称与机会主义等促使实施会计管制。由于环境复杂性、不完美信息和有限理性等原因,会计管制制度具有弹性,会计制度弹性空间作为公共区域,必然存在攫取租金的机会主义行为,计算并披露会计制度弹性信息有助于降低信息不对称,提高市场效率。     

当前世界减税趋势与中国税收政策取向

进入新世纪 ,随着经济全球化的加快发展 ,各国纷纷推出了减税计划和方案 ,形成了新一轮世界性的减税趋势和浪潮。我国自 1 998年以来 ,税收收入连年大幅增长 ,这对增强国家宏观调控能力 ,促进经济形势的好转发挥了重要作用。但是 ,税收长期超常增长 ,加重了企业和居民的负担 ,对刺激投资和消费、扩大内需、提高企业国际竞争力不利。在当前国内外形势下 ,从有利于经济持续发展来看 ,中国应采取完善税制、适度减税政策。     

对当前新疆农村劳动力就业状况的分析与思考

现阶段新疆劳动力资源处于相对短缺和绝对剩余并存的状态，尤其是农村劳动力大量剩余，而就业不足和隐性失业又非常严重。其原因一是经济增长带动就业能力减弱，尤其是第二产业资本增密导致排斥劳动力就业的趋向显；二是劳动力资源增长相对较快；三是具有某些特征的劳动群体退出劳动力市场。     

中国电信市场的需求关系估计与需求效应分析

本文采用全国31个省市自治区2002～2004年的Panel观测数据,运用两阶段固定效应法,估计了中国电信市场的常弹性需求函数。估计结果显示,电信服务的价格水平、移动电话用户的数量、城镇居民人均可支配收入、互联网接入用户的数量和通信工具的相对价格等5个因素,对中国电信市场的需求具有统计上的显著影响。但从实际需求效应上看,对中国电信市场业务总量增幅的贡献主要来自于电信服务价格水平的大幅度下降,以及移动电话用户数量的急剧增长。估计结果支持,中国电信市场经历了一个市场结构消除垄断、电信业务移动化和消费对象大众化的过程。可以说,正是市场竞争程度的大幅度提升,以及由此触发的国民消费观念的转变,推动了中国电信市场需求的高速增长。     

偏向技术进步有利于可再生能源转型吗——基于要素替代弹性的证据

尽管偏向技术进步被视为可再生能源消费最重要的驱动因素之一，但现有研究普遍忽视其对可再生能源转型的影响。基于偏向技术进步理论框架，运用固定效应随机前沿生产函数分析技术进步的偏向性以及化石能源与可再生能源间的替代弹性，进而判断2000—2017年中国内地30个省域的偏向技术进步是否推动了可再生能源转型。研究发现，整体上技术进步在化石能源与可再生能源间偏向于使用更多化石能源，且二者之间具有替代关系，这表明整体上偏向技术进步不利于可再生能源转型。分省域看，仅有上海、浙江和湖北的技术进步偏向于使用更多可再生能源，且可再生能源能够有效替代化石能源，这表明上述省份的偏向技术进步有利于可再生能源转型。     

Structural vulnerability and resilience to currency crisis: Foreign currency debt versus export

Is there any factor that is not analyzed in the literature but is important for preventing currency crises? I argue that exports are an important factor to prevent currency crises that has not been frequently analyzed in the existing theoretical literature. Using the third generation model of currency crises, I derive a simple and intuitive formula that captures an economy’s structural vulnerability characterized by the elasticity of exports and repayments for foreign currency denominated debt. I graphically show that the possibility of currency crisis equilibrium depends on this structural vulnerability and also analyze how this vulnerability impacts the effectiveness of monetary policy response.     

Measuring the Market Power of the Portuguese Milk Industry

This paper is based on the previous work of Appelbaum (Journal of Econometrics, 1979, 9, pp. 283-94; 1982, 19, pp. 287-99). Iwata (Econometrics 1974, 42, pp. 947-66) and Rogers (PhD Dissertation, GeorgeWashington University, 1983).We estimate the degree of market power of an oligopolistic industry, using a linear system and the 2SLS estimation method. Our departure point is the work of Appelbaum (1982) where a 'market power index' is estimated for each of the sample's 25 years. As the market power index depends functionally on the conjectural elasticity, the goal is to obtain annual estimates for that elasticity. For this purpose, Appelbaum defines a non-linear simultaneous-equation system and obtains, with non-linear methods, the conjectural elasticity estimates for each year of the sample. Considering the conjectural elasticity's functional form that Appelbaum adopts, we use a different approach and obtain a linear system that is easier to estimate. Due to the particular features of the industry analysed, we also derive a much simpler form for the equations involved. The model's simplicity is appealing and its generalisation to other industries with homogeneous products may be implemented with ease.