高职学生创业意愿影响因素实证研究

文章基于实地调研数据和多元回归模型等,对我国当代大学生创业意愿(EI)问题进行了研究和综述,报告了目前国内外大学生创业的研究现状。通过采用问卷调研法,文章对391名江苏省高职院校经管类专业学生进行了影响当代大学生创业意愿的因素调研,发现个性特征、创业敏感度、恒心毅力、自我效能、主观规范等因素与当代大学生创业意愿关系比较密切。实证研究结果表明:独立性格者其创业意愿相对较强;创业敏感度、恒心毅力及自我效能较强者其创业意愿较强;主观规范对创业意愿显著正相关;重经济保障者其创业意愿较弱等。文章的研究结论,从创业人员分类管理、创业课程体系建设与改革等方面给出了相关的建议,为我国鼓励大学生创业提供了保障。     

Organizational and competitive influences of exploration and exploitation activities in small firms

This study explores organizational and competitive factors affecting exploration/exploitation activities in SMEs by examining the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO) and perceived competitive intensity. We test the relationships among these variables using data collected from 55 manufacturing SMEs operating in the southern part of U. S. The findings provide a strong support for a positive association between EO, MO and exploration/exploitation activities. Perceived competitive intensity was only a significant moderator for the relationship between MO and the degree of exploratory activities. Our findings, hence, suggest the significant role organizational predictors play in enhancing exploration/exploitation activities in SMEs. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Simple Decision Aids and Consumer Decision Making

To help consumers deal with increasing amounts of information, many online retailers offer simple decision aids, such as the ability to sort on a particular attribute or eliminate undesired alternatives. The authors propose that consumers use simple decision aids as substitutes for cognitive effort, potentially with adverse consequences for decision making. An experimental study shows that providing unrestricted sorting increases decision quality only when choice conflict is low; beyond a certain point, greater use of the decision aid is associated with declines in decision quality. A second study shows that that allowing consumers to sort alternatives only one time enhances decision quality and, when choice conflict is high, reduces decision effort. A third study shows that providing elimination as well as sorting tools helps mitigate the negative effects of simple decision aids. Although the availability of sorting alone hurts decision quality when choice conflict is high, decision quality under choice conflict is improved when both sorting and elimination tools are provided. Implications for retail practice are discussed.     

Institutional and economic drivers of entrepreneurship: An international perspective

Entrepreneurial activity varies significantly across countries and over time. The economic and institutional context is a determining factor that can drive and lend shape to entrepreneurial activity. The search for a deeper understanding of the role of this factor constitutes a promising and important research stream. A thorough review of the specialist literature identifies groups of countries with similar economic and institutional environments. Subsequent analysis highlights differences in entrepreneurial activity and innovation outcomes between these homogeneous groups. Results indicate significant differences, not only in entrepreneurial activity, but also in the type of entrepreneurship and innovation results. These findings mark a relevant step forward in the identification of different environment types, and the effects of environment on entrepreneurial activity and innovation results.     

How much to give? — The effect of donation size on tactical and strategic success in cause-related marketing

In cause-related marketing (CM), companies promise a donation to a cause every time a consumer makes a purchase. We analyze the impact of the size of this donation on brand choice (tactical success) and brand image (strategic success). Our results reveal different effects of donation size on these success measures. For brand choice, the effect of donation size is moderated by a financial trade-off for consumers, whereas the effect on brand image is moderated by donation framing. Specifically, we show that donation size has a positive effect on brand choice if consumers face no financial trade-off; i.e., if they do not have to choose between triggering a donation or saving money. The effect is negative if a trade-off exists such that higher donations come at higher costs. Brand image is enhanced by larger donations if the framing is nonmonetary (e.g., the campaign promises the provision of vaccinations), whereas donation size has a negative effect if donation framing is monetary (e.g., the campaign states the Euro amount). If campaigns use a combination of both frames, the effect of donation size on brand image has an inverted U shape. Our results suggest that CM enhances tactical and strategic success only if firms select the right donation size, taking into account donation framing and financial trade-offs.     

江苏省对外直接投资区位选择的影响因素研究

在企业开展对外直接投资(ODI)过程中,合理选择投资区位是关键问题,关系到对外投资活动是否成功。目前基于这方面的研究大多基于国家层面,而本文以江苏为研究对象,通过对江苏ODI区位选择的现状进行分析,发现江苏ODI区位选择存在的问题,运用实证分析的方法研究各因素对江苏ODI区位选择的影响,并提出优化江苏ODI区位选择的对策,为江苏省ODI的发展提供理论借鉴。     

我国房地产调控政策目标的选择与平衡

“高烧不退”的房地产市场已经成为我国经济社会健康发展的“重负”。尽管中央政府针对高房价展开了“暴风骤雨”般的密集调控，然而房地产调控政策的整体效果并不理想，社会上甚至形成了一种“越调越涨”的心理预期。房地产调控之所以陷入“越调越涨”的怪圈中，行政体制不合理是其外部制约因素，而房地产调控政策目标选择和调控方式不当则是政策本身的缺陷。鉴于此，厘清房地产调控政策的基本目标及内涵，根据调控政策环境的变化，科学、灵活地对政策目标进行选择与平衡，是保证房地产政策调控有效性的首要环节和先决条件。     

基于社会认知论的创业团队人际信任影响因素实证研究

本文将创业团队人际信任划分为认知型信任和情感型信任。然后，基于社会认知视角从成员主体特征、成员关系特征、创业团队文化和创业团队特征四个方面考察创业团队人际信任的影响因素，并运用相关分析和多重逐步回归分析法分别分析了各要素对创业团队中认知型信任和情感型信任的影响程度。研究结果表明：成员能力、成员正直、成员沟通、成员合作、成员竞争、团队行为规范、任务依赖性、角色期待性、目标明确性和成员异质性10个因素对创业团队认知型信任产生显著影响；成员善意、成员信任倾向、成员沟通、成员合作、成员竞争、团队价值观念、团队行为规范和目标明确性8个因素对创业团队情感型信任影响显著。     

Endogenous retailer preferences in intermediate good markets

We model strategic interaction in a differentiated input market as a game among two suppliers and n retailers. Each one of the upstream firms chooses the specification of the input which it will offer.Then, retailers choose their type from a continuum of possibilities. The decisions made in these two first stages affect the degree of compatibility between each retailer's ideal input specification and that of the inputs offered by the two upstream firms. In a third stage, upstream firms compete setting input prices. Equilibrium may be of the two-vendor policy or of the technological monopoly type.     

Towards a schematic theory of entrepreneurial alertness

This article is an investigation into Kirzner's concept of entrepreneurial alertness — its mechanism and its antecedents. By drawing from decision theory and schema theory, a model is developed to show how changes in the environment are mediated by entrepreneurial alertness and brought to the situated attention of entrepreneurs for evaluation. Entrepreneurial alertness is seen to be the application of unique schemata that allow the entrepreneur to impute meaning to environmental change that would not be imputed by other managers. It is argued that the alertness that allows entrepreneurs to see opportunity where others do not arises from differences in schematic richness, schematic association, and schematic priming. These three antecedents may therefore form a basis on which enhanced entrepreneurial alertness can be developed.