九江市郊马尾水森林公园旅游产品开发探讨

马尾水森林公园风景区发展生态旅游的资源丰富且独具特色,加上景区内丰富的的历史人文,更使得马尾水森林公园更是独具一格。分析了马尾水森林公园旅游产品开发的现状和存在的问题,再通过进一步对其资源情况和客源市场等的调查分析,以此为基础提出旅游产品开发与设计的方案,途径和对策。     

营造城市森林以促进“国家森林城市”的建设

文章主要介绍了城市森林和国家森林城市的相关概念,概括了城市森林的综合效益和对城市环境的积极作用,最后提出应该以营造城市森林的方式来促进国家森林城市的建设,从而推动城市的生态环境保护和改善.     

The relation between forest clearance and household income among native Amazonians: Results from the Tsimane' Amazonian panel study, Bolivia

The Amazon rain forest harbors some of the world's richest biological diversity. During the twentieth century, two types of actors cleared that forest: native Amazonians and outside encroachers. Of the two actors, we know more about what drives outside encroachers to clear forest than about what drives native Amazonians to clear forest. The past research focus has served well because during the twentieth century outside encroachers cleared most of the Amazonian forest. But the past research focus needs to be expanded because native Amazonians are claiming de jure stewardship of the forests they inhabit, and with tighter jurisdiction over those forests will likely come changes in the amount of forest native Amazonians clear. Prior research in rural areas of low-income nations suggests that household income affects household forest clearance. To estimate the effects of household real income on the total forest area (old-growth + fallow) cleared by households we use a panel composed of five annual household surveys (2002-2006, inclusive) from 324 households of a native Amazonian society in Bolivia (Tsimane'). We control for household and village fixed effects and use an instrumental variable for household income. We find positive and significant household real income elasticities of forest clearance of 0.35 and 0.47 and an increase in forest clearance of 5.3%/year. The main finding stood up well to sensitivity analysis. These estimates suggest that in the near future, the forest in the Tsimane' territory will likely face increasing pressure from the Tsimane' themselves, not just from outside encroachers.     

Is there decentralization in North Korea? Evidence and lessons from the sloping land management program 2004–2014

In the 1990s, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) suffered from severe food shortages and large-scale deforestation, which triggered a stage of rural conservation reform. Since 2004, with support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), North Korea’s Ministry of Land and Environmental Protection (MoLEP) has implemented a Sloping Land Management Program (SLMP). The SLMP established sloping land user groups and granted these groups the right to use marginal land for agroforestry development. This devolution of land rights from state control onto local groups is a landmark in North Korea, and this decentralization initiative has now expanded to over eight counties to involve thousands of households. It has also led to the launch of a National Agroforestry Policy and Strategy. Drawing from both qualitative and quantitative data collected from 2008 to 2014, this paper documents the process and effects of the SLMP. It argues that the decentralization reform in land management has contributed to not only food security with increased food crop diversity and productivity, but also notably forest recovery through an expansion of tree plantations and agroforestry practices on degraded sloping lands. However, an insufficient power transfer in the form of a lack of timber rights granted to the local user groups has hampered the effectiveness of the SLMP. There are also institutional and geopolitical challenges that are limiting further scaling-up of land-use decentralization across the country. The policy implication calls for more international investment as well as national land-use policy reforms in order to promote and facilitate further decentralization of sloping land management and to secure greater use rights for sloping land user groups.     

新时期我国林产品对外贸易研究分析

本文对我国林产品对外贸易现状进行分析,研究发现我国林产品进出口市场高度集中,进1：3多为环境敏感的初级林产品,出口则以低附加值的劳动密集型林产品为主。我国林业企业不但承受着环境保护的压力,也承担着贸易摩擦带来的风险。所遇困境已经制约了新时期我国林产品对外贸易的发展,因此,必须改变贸易方式,加强企业综合实力,才能走出困境。     

Diversity of incentives for private forest landowners: An assessment of programs in Indiana, USA

 Many government and private programs provide incentives for non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners. Due to the complexity of this web of programs, the incentives of the programs are unclear. We focus on four specific programs that represent different rule structures—a federal cost-share program, a state tax incentive program, a nationwide private stewardship program, and a local private conservation organization. We perform institutional analysis of the formal and informal rules of the programs based on literature review, discussions with officers, and formal guidelines of the programs. We classify different types of rule structures, and explain them in relation to goals and organizational structures of the programs.     

林权流转程序中的审批问题研究——以地方性法规、规章为对象

林权流转是林业产权确权后解决林地规模经营的必然举措。在林权流转中程序是保证林权流转规范运行的重要手段。林权流转程序包含审批、备案、森林资源评估、林权证的发放和变更登记等多项内容。文章以若干地方性法规和地方政府规章为研究对象,对其中的林权流转审批事项进行梳理,分析审批的性质和效力,提出规范林权流转程序的建议。