Government as a discriminating monopolist in the financial market: the case of China

We show that the many unusual features of China’s financial markets are consistent with a government choosing regulations to maximize a standard type of social welfare function. Under certain conditions, these regulations are equivalent to imposing explicit taxes on business and interest income, yet should be much easier to enforce. The observed implicit tax rates are broadly in line with those observed in other countries. The theory also forecasts, however, that China will face increasing incentives over time to shift to explicit taxes.     

动态效率、生产性公共支出与结构效应

利用1979-2008年三次产业的数据和误差修正模型,本文估算了我国政府生产性公共支出与经济动态无效的长期关系,考察了政府生产性公共支出对三次产业的生产要素积累所产生的影响。研究发现:在结构效应为正的条件下,当期公共支出的增加能够影响资本和劳动在三次产业之间,以及三次产业内部不同行业之间的要素积累方式,起到改善经济结构、优化资源配置的作用;我国经济的投资拉动型增长方式及与之相伴随的公共品供给机制,通过"租金"创造机制诱导特定产业的发展,从而能够提升产业结构,促进资源和生产要素的优化配置,符合赶超型经济的目标要求。     

论政府审计与独立审计关系的厘定

为了明确并充分履行政府审计职责,政府审计机关应当正确处理与独立审计之间四方面的关系:审计业务的委托与被委托关系,政府审计不应当把自己职责范围内的审计业务委托给独立审计组织去做;审计质量的监督与被监督关系,政府审计不应当对独立审计质量进行监督;审计成果的相互利用关系,政府审计应当正确利用独立审计成果;审计职责范围的划分,政府审计不应当与独立审计组织进行联合审计,而应当合理划分各自对国有控股企业的审计职责.     

How to reform China’s fiscal system?

ABSTRACT

As the population aging, China’s government expenditures, including general fiscal expenditure, healthcare and social security expenditure, will grow more rapidly than government revenues, tending to elevate government debt. Local governments undertake overwhelming 85% of total general fiscal revenue and are responsible for healthcare and social security, and their debt has been growing. Fiscal reforms are imperative, including tax reforms, the structure of government spending reforms, social security reforms, healthcare reforms, local public finance reforms, and central and local government’s fiscal relationship reforms. This paper will explore the fiscal challenges China faces and discuss how to reform the fiscal system to cope with these challenges.     

我国现行政府财务报告的弊端及完善建议

政府财务报告是以财务信息为主要内容,全面系统地反映政府财务受托责任的综合报告。本文详细分析了当前我国政府财务报告所存在的问题,并借鉴国外在政府财务报告方面的经验,对我国政府财务报告提出了几点完善建议,制定政府财务报告准则提供参考。     

政府绩效审计研究与分析

20世纪40年代以后,政府审计的范围发生了很大变化,政府审计开始进入以政府绩效审计为中心、政府绩效审计与财务审计并存的现代审计发展阶段,能否不失时机地选择并接受政府绩效审计成为衡量政府审计是否具有活力的标志之一。本文对我国现有绩效审计存在的问题及改进措施进行了分析,并为绩效审计的有效实施提出了相关建议。     

中国特色审计关系研究

由于我国所处的政治、经济、法律等环境与国外不同,决定了我国政府审计必然有自己的特色。本文分析了我国政府审计应处理好与国际审计、与政府和人大等部门以及与被审计单位等十大关系,认为这些关系体现了我国政府审计的特色。     

政府采购供应商的信用管理分析

为了加强政府采购供应商的信用管理,政府采购中心除了对供应商进行严格的资格审查外,还要由专管员给各供应商进行信用评分和划分信用等级,并采取一定的措施进行有效的管理。本文对此进行了分析。     

融资成本、寻租行为和企业内部资本配置

本文构造了一个两层次委托代理模型,强调了外部资本市场和内部资本市场之间的相互作用,分析表明,资本配置扭曲和资本使用效率低下的关键是外部资本市场运作不完善对企业内部管理者的寻租行为的影响。本文的分析表明,融资成本偏低的外部资本市场不仅会促使企业CEO过分扩大融资规模,而且会加剧企业内部管理者的寻租行为,导致资本配置不当、投资缺乏效率的不良后果。本文的政策含义是,必须改变融资成本偏低的现状,并加强公司治理结构建设,才能解决我国企业融资过热、资本使用效率低下等一系列问题。     

Government financing in an endogenous growth model with financial market restrictions

Summary. In this paper, we develop an endogenous growth model with market regulations on explicitly modeled financial intermediaries to examine the effects of alternative government financing schemes on growth, inflation, and welfare. In the presence of binding regulation, there is always a unique equilibrium. We perform four alternative policy experiments; a change in the seigniorage tax rate, a change in the seigniorage tax base, a change in the income tax and a change in the fiscal-monetary policy mix. We find that in the presence of binding legal reserve requirements, a marginal increase in government spending need not result in a reduction in the rate of economic growth if it is financed with an increase in the seigniorage tax rate. Raising the seigniorage tax base by means of an increase in the reserve requirement retards growth and it has an ambiguous effect on inflation. An increase in income tax financed government spending also suppresses growth and raises inflation although not to the extent that the required seigniorage tax rate alternative would. Switching from seigniorage to income taxation as a source of government finance is growth reducing but deflationary. From a welfare perspective, the least distortionary way of financing an increase in the government spending requirements is by means of a marginal increase in the seigniorage tax rate. Under the specification of logarithmic preferences, the optimal tax structure is indeterminate. Received: March 20, 2000; revised version: June 26, 2001