Asymmetric effects of fiscal policy in EU and OECD countries

In this article, we take account of an evaluation of the short- and medium-term effects of the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy in EU and OECD countries and their dependence on the state of the economy and fiscal behaviour. Our findings indicate that (i) across EU member states the impact of government spending on economic performance is larger in the accession than in core member states, (ii) since the onset of the economic/financial crisis the government spending multipliers have become larger in both core and accession EU member states, and (iii) a comparison with fiscal responses in the OECD countries shows robustness of our estimates. The conclusion implies that the austerity measures present a substantial drag for economic activity in accession EU countries. Thus, we may state that not considering the fiscal behaviour and state of the economy gives misleading fiscal multiplier effects, which in turn lead to the adoption of inappropriate fiscal measures that even worsen a country's economic situation.     

Government as a discriminating monopolist in the financial market: the case of China

We show that the many unusual features of China’s financial markets are consistent with a government choosing regulations to maximize a standard type of social welfare function. Under certain conditions, these regulations are equivalent to imposing explicit taxes on business and interest income, yet should be much easier to enforce. The observed implicit tax rates are broadly in line with those observed in other countries. The theory also forecasts, however, that China will face increasing incentives over time to shift to explicit taxes.     

中国式"荷兰病"影响中国财政收支格局的实证分析

中国式荷兰病来源于中国入世后外向型劳动力密集型产业的空前繁荣。本文从实证角度分析了中国式荷兰病通过体制惰性效应对中国财政收支体制与财政收支政策的诸多影响。研究发现,在中国整体财政能力增强和财政收支状况改善的同时,不仅我国外债结构、中央与地方财政关系明显恶化,而且社会财富加速向公共部门集中,国富民穷现象突出,经济增长方式转变受到较大制约。文章最后建议及时对个人、企业进行实质性减税,积极扩大政府公共服务范围及领域,增加环境保护、社会保障、医疗卫生、教育、科学技术以及农业的财政支出比重,进一步规范中央与地方政府的财政税收权利与义务,从而确保中国经济健康、稳定与可持续发展。     

Host-country policy – commitment or no-commitment: a theoretical analysis

This paper develops a model of foreign entry strategy and examines welfare of the host-country under two situations - (i) where host-country government commits to the tax policy, (ii) where host-country government does not commit to the tax policy. It turns out that under the non-committed government policy the foreign firm does not prefer to hold equity share in the domestic project. The host-country welfare, however, is more under the committed government policy than the non-committed government policy when the foreign firm has sufficiently higher bargaining power. The possibility of technology choice by the foreign firm reduces the range of bargaining power of the foreign firm over which the host-country welfare is more under the committed policy compared to the non-committed policy.     

高投资、宏观成本与经济增长的持续性

过去20多年,中国高投资—高增长的发展模式以宏观成本积累为代价。增长是中国今后相当长时期的主题,但是以高成本为代价的高投资—高增长发展模式的持续性如何?本文从理论上说明了中国高投资的政府激励机制及宏观成本边界和高成本增长的临界点;进而指出,在开放经济中,资本流动、外部需求和供给冲击构成高成本投资模式的现实约束,政府必须权衡粗放式高增长的宏观收益和成本,制定相应的政策来约束低效率的投资行为,实现全社会的福利优化。     

政府信息公开制度实施中存在的问题与对策研究

2008年5月31日正式实施的《政府信息公开条例》规定"各级行政机关应当在每年3月31日前公布本行政机关的政府信息公开工作年度报告"。通过对2008年5月31日至2009年3月31日期间政府信息公开情况进行分析,检视《政府信息公开条例》实施一年的主要问题,我们更深刻地体会到政府信息公开化是一个逐渐成长的过程,在这个过程中,政府信息公开的权利主体、公众和义务主体、政府需要相互积极影响。政府作为信息的掌握者,需要进一步转变理念,加强和完善信息公开的途径,健全和完备相关的法律制度和保障,从而为公民提供一个可以积极参与的有利环境。而公民也要积极参与政府的信息公开活动,意识到自己的权利并积极维护自己的权利。     

应急管理中的政府责任及其边界

公共危机管理体系建设是政府保证公众基本生存和安全的制度创新。在界定危机和公共危机的基础上,审视主流公共经济学的相关分析,提出政府应急管理活动的目标和标准是保证公众生存和安全;认为政府介入应急管理活动的边界是与个人、企业以及其他组织相互交织,政府在公共危机处理中的责任是协调社会各系统的行为。     

区域经济活动中地方政府行为的负外部性——兼论环北部湾(广西)经济区建设

在区域经济活动中,地方政府追求自身利益最大化的行为会产生明显的外部性。地方政府行为的负外部性与市场缺陷、政府理性、行政区划和政府职能等密切相关,它将妨碍经济资源在空间上的合理配置,影响区域经济一体化进程。努力克服地方政府行为负外部性,是提高地方政府行为效率,加快地方市场化建设步伐的重要手段,也是促进环北部湾(广西)经济区区域经济协调发展的重要内容。     

关于我国新型政府基本属性的深层解析——兼论推进政府自身建设的紧迫性与明智政府

中国未来的改革与发展迫切要求推进新型政府的自身建设;明智政府是推进政府自身建设的实施前提;新型政府必须是服务型政府、生态型政府、学习型政府三种基本属性的统一体。     

政府采购为中小企业发展注入动力

中小企业是整个经济社会发展的重要部分,实现中小企业又快又好的发展,除了依靠企业自身经营,还依赖于政府政策扶持,其中,政府采购的作用不容小视。但目前我国中小企业参与政府采购的现状不容乐观,对此,应完善政府采购制度,推动中小企业发展。