国企锦标赛激励效应与制约因素研究

本文尝试从锦标赛的角度为国企竞争理论提供信息经济学模型解释和实证支持。为了达到这一目的,本文从政府干预和共同代理的角度对经典的锦标赛模型进行细化和拓展,以揭示出国企锦标赛激励效应与制约因素,并收集2451家地方国有上市公司披露的薪酬差距数据对理论模型进行实证检验。理论模型表明,薪酬差距的扩大和国企经营者赢得经济锦标赛激励的强化会增加国企经营者的努力水平,因而有利于公司绩效的提升。不过,国企经营者赢得经济锦标赛的激励却受到政府行政干预和共同代理问题的制约。实证结果表明,我国地方国有上市公司薪酬差距与公司绩效显著正相关,而与地方政府行政干预和共同代理问题的严重程度显著负相关,从而支持了理论模型。     

中国式"荷兰病"影响中国财政收支格局的实证分析

中国式荷兰病来源于中国入世后外向型劳动力密集型产业的空前繁荣。本文从实证角度分析了中国式荷兰病通过体制惰性效应对中国财政收支体制与财政收支政策的诸多影响。研究发现,在中国整体财政能力增强和财政收支状况改善的同时,不仅我国外债结构、中央与地方财政关系明显恶化,而且社会财富加速向公共部门集中,国富民穷现象突出,经济增长方式转变受到较大制约。文章最后建议及时对个人、企业进行实质性减税,积极扩大政府公共服务范围及领域,增加环境保护、社会保障、医疗卫生、教育、科学技术以及农业的财政支出比重,进一步规范中央与地方政府的财政税收权利与义务,从而确保中国经济健康、稳定与可持续发展。     

Asymmetric effects of fiscal policy in EU and OECD countries

In this article, we take account of an evaluation of the short- and medium-term effects of the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy in EU and OECD countries and their dependence on the state of the economy and fiscal behaviour. Our findings indicate that (i) across EU member states the impact of government spending on economic performance is larger in the accession than in core member states, (ii) since the onset of the economic/financial crisis the government spending multipliers have become larger in both core and accession EU member states, and (iii) a comparison with fiscal responses in the OECD countries shows robustness of our estimates. The conclusion implies that the austerity measures present a substantial drag for economic activity in accession EU countries. Thus, we may state that not considering the fiscal behaviour and state of the economy gives misleading fiscal multiplier effects, which in turn lead to the adoption of inappropriate fiscal measures that even worsen a country's economic situation.     

Political booms and currency crises

This paper shows evidence that political booms, defined as the rise in governments’ popularity, are associated with a higher likelihood of currency crises. The reasoning behind this finding is that prudent economic policies to address underlying weaknesses in the economy may be political costly for incumbent governments in the short-term. Hence, popularity-concerned governments may not have enough incentives to take such corrective actions in a timely manner. This approach, in turn, can deteriorate economic fundamentals and increase related risks in the economy which can eventually lead to crises. This paper sheds light on this phenomenon in the case of currency crises, suggesting that currency crises can be viewed as “political booms gone bust” events. Moreover, it finds that higher international reserves, higher exports, and a higher degree of financial openness alleviate the effect of political booms on currency crises.     

Government as a discriminating monopolist in the financial market: the case of China

We show that the many unusual features of China’s financial markets are consistent with a government choosing regulations to maximize a standard type of social welfare function. Under certain conditions, these regulations are equivalent to imposing explicit taxes on business and interest income, yet should be much easier to enforce. The observed implicit tax rates are broadly in line with those observed in other countries. The theory also forecasts, however, that China will face increasing incentives over time to shift to explicit taxes.     

集群知识传播绩效的实现机制研究--基于政府干预与企业知识活动的视角

在产业集群知识系统中政府干预措施和企业知识活动影响企业知识获取能力,进而影响集群知识传播绩效的实现。文章在相关文献综述和实地调研直观感觉的前提下,提出了研究的基本理论假设,构建了基于政府干预和企业知识活动视角的集群知识传播绩效作用的机理模型;根据文章研究的基本假设设计了概念模型中各变量的初步测量指标,在面向纺织服装产业集群测试与修正的基础上,形成研究的最终调查量表;借助于结构方程模型对问卷调查数据的实证分析发现,政府干预对企业知识获取和知识溢出均产生正向显著影响,且基本平衡;企业知识活动基础对企业知识获取的正向影响大于对知识溢出的影响,企业知识获取能力对企业知识溢出能力影响不显著。     

转贷政策下政府信用异化研究

表面上看,中央财政实行国债转贷,似乎仅仅是国债投资资金运作方式的改变,但是,只要对这一政策作理论和实践上的深入分析,就会发现:转贷政策在改变政府信用资金运作方式的同时,还引发了一些值得深入研究和讨论的制度性异化问题。     

重新定位县级政府职能促进县域经济发展

县域经济是一种行政区经济,要大力发展县域经济,必须对县级政府在区域经济发展中的职能定位进行重新认识。     

论我国城市社区管理中政府的功能定位

转型时期特定的国情和社会背景，决定了我国城市社区管理必须选择“政府主导”的模式。社区管理中曲政府主导，主要体现在政府必须扮演多种角色、行使多样职能，更好地培育和扶持社区的持续发展。但是，政府角色的不当和政府职能的“越位”、“缺位”和“错位”，容易导致社区管理中的“政府失灵”现象。因此，要推进我国城市社区管理的稳步、健康发展，就必须解决政府在社区管理中如何进行功能定位的问题。     

有限政府视域下的政府职能考量

随着改革开放的不断深化,与市场经济相契合的有限政府正取代全能政府,日益成为政府模式的新选择。结合当前政府职能现状,从有限政府视角来审视,我国政府职能的定位与优化需要从三个方面人手：树立有限政府理念,合理定位政府职能;准确厘清政府与市场、社会和公民的关系;强化法律制度保障,规范监督制约机制。