Commitment to Competition: An Assessment of Antitrust Agency Budgets since 1970

In these remarks to the Industrial Organization Society, I discuss the adequacy of antitrust enforcement resources in the U.S. Relevant resources are measured by the competition budgets of the Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission. Since 1970 these have been influenced by the overall economy, its changing structure, and politics, but they have not kept up with the pace of mergers or other measures of the need for antitrust. Thus at present, the resources devoted to antitrust fall well short of what is required for continued vigilance over our growing and changing economy.     

长江经济带制造业服务化梯度推进路径研究

作为我国承东启西极其重要的经济纽带,长江经济带汇聚了一大批优秀的制造业企业,是中国的“制造工厂”,作为国家战略发展重点,长江经济带的制造业亟需转型升级。利用核密度分布和马尔可夫转移矩阵对长江经济带制造业服务化水平的分布和动态演进进行了分析,发现11省市制造业服务化水平整体较低,有向低水平收敛的趋势,两极分化严重,从稳态分布看,短期内将保持较大差异,难以实现均衡。再从服务化中间投入和服务化水平两个维度对11个省市的3大类制造业进行了分类,发现沿长江经济带从下游至上游呈现逐渐降低的梯度分布格局,提出了“三步走”的梯度推进路径,并结合上、中、下游的产业、资源和交通等特点,提出了制造业服务化梯度推进的合理建议。     

中国海洋科技资源配置研究

基于中国海洋科技资源配置现状,提出了当前存在的两个关键学术问题。探讨了“海洋科技梯度”的内涵定义,构建了基于涉海城市的“海洋科技梯度系数测度改进模型”;搜集整理了2001—2014年海洋科研机构的科技统计数据,在海洋科技创新效率测度的基础上,测算了全国涉海城市的海洋科技梯度,深入分析了我国海洋科技资源配置的总体规律。研究表明：我国海洋科技资源配置在区域空间上呈现“东高北高、南低中西低”布局,以行政为导向呈现出北上广的强势崛起,以政策为导向呈现出深圳、南宁、沈阳、济南等的后发优势。最后,讨论了当前海洋科技资源配置的形成原因,并提出了对策建议。     

OFDI对中国产业比较优势动态升级的影响

随着经济全球化的发展,国际分工深化为全球价值链分工。从规模效应、结构效应、技术效应3个方面阐释了OFDI对比较优势动态升级的影响机理,利用WIOD数据库测算出1995-2014年中国制造业出口增加值、产业出口优化度EO指数、GVC地位指数并分别表征规模效应、结构效应、技术效应,应用改进后的贸易引力模型和时间序列模型,对3个效应进行检验。研究结果显示,中国企业开展OFDI可以促进比较优势的动态升级,实现价值链攀升。     

The organizational evolution of innovative activity in the US semiconductor industry: Technological specialization and diversification

This article analyzes the organizational evolution of innovative activity in the contemporary high-tech industry. It has been argued that by showing illuminating examples and proposing theoretical explanations, the innovation process has been fragmented and distributed among several organizations. In other words, ‘division of innovative labor’ emerges. However, one of the problems of this argument lies in its lack of systematic empirical analysis. Using the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent database, this article analyzes the organization of innovative activity in the US semiconductor industry. It is shown that ‘technological specialization’ has not occurred in this industry as a whole. In addition, it is also shown that there are two distinct modes of development of technology, namely, ‘specialized development of technology’ and ‘diversified development of technology’, in which the share of the latter has been steadily increasing. These results imply that contrary to the earlier conventional arguments, division of labor is not a common phenomenon in the production of technological knowledge.     

A new technique for calibrating stochastic volatility models: the Malliavin gradient method

We discuss the application of gradient methods to calibrate mean reverting stochastic volatility models. For this we use formulas based on Girsanov transformations as well as a modification of the Bismut–Elworthy formula to compute the derivatives of certain option prices with respect to the parameters of the model by applying Monte Carlo methods. The article presents an extension of the ideas to apply Malliavin calculus methods in the computation of Greek's.     

J. S. Mill on Wages and Women: A Feminist Critique

"J. S. Mill on Wages and Women" questions the common belief that Mill, despite his feminism, never suggested an end to the sexual division of labor because of his devotion to the concept of efficiency and other tenets of classical economics. A review of Mill's analysis of a competitive labor market indicates that he believed it to be fully consistent with women's equality in the workforce. In fact, in his works on women, it becomes clear that Mill was concerned that the logical extension of classical economic principles might lead to the commodification of domestic duties, including child rearing, a notion he evidently feared. Therefore, it was Mill's fear of, rather than dedication to, extreme allegiance to efficiency and unimpeded capitalism that limited his feminism.     

资源诅咒:一个新兴古典经济学框架

本文从分工这一角度出发,在一个包含偷抢的新兴古典经济学框架下分析自然资源对经济增长的效应,内生化了资源诅咒假说.分析表明,丰富的人均资源本身会提高分工的门槛,使得人们难以形成有效的分工结构,从而抑制经济增长.另外,由于资源丰富国家往往伴随高的偷抢水平,这也降低了分工合作的可能性及其经济绩效.本文的政策含义是,为了避免资源诅咒效应,必须打破现存的资源依赖格局,构建良好的制度基础,实现分工深化以促进经济增长.     

技术进步研究评析

作为人类改造自然的一切知识的总和,技术进步象一条涓涓溪流始终贯穿于整个经济增长与发展史,技术的进步是推动经济增长与发展的基础,经济学家们就技术进步对一国经济发展的影响进行研究是在对经济增长影响因素的理论探索中逐步展开的,许多经济学流派都曾关注过技术进步并试图将技术进步溶入其理论框架,从不同角度不同程度地用技术进步来解释经济增长的源泉和增长过程。本文从亚当.斯密体现在积累及劳动分工上的技术进步因素开始,循经济增长理论的发展时序,分别进一步评析了熊彼特的技术创新理论、以索洛经济增长模型为代表的新古典增长模型以及色彩斑斓的内生经济增长理论,各大理论流派均认同技术进步一定会推动经济增长和发展,但人类显然还没有找到一把普适的经济发展的"魔杖",关于技术进步与经济增长的理论研究在不断延续展开着。     

产学研联合体利益分配机制研究

利益驱动是产学研联合体构建的根本动力,建立高效合理的利益分配机制关系产学研联合体的稳定和发展。论文重点阐述了建立产学研联合体利益分配机制的理论基础,以此为基础探讨了产学研联合体利益分配机制相应的制度安排。