浅析我国民事判决"执行难"

“执行难”是人民法院执行工作中的焦点问题,也是全社会普遍关注的一个热点话题。法学界对“执行难”的表现、原因、对策等的分析不尽一致。该文结合法学基本理论和我国法院的执行实践,系统地探讨了“执行难”的概念、特点、表现以及其形成原因,并对如何解决“执行难”问题进行了一些探讨。     

财政政策:遵守规则还是相机抉择

2004年10月,诺贝尔经济学奖的颁发,又一次引发了人们对财政政策时间一致性的关注,遵守规则的政策主张似乎又一次回归主流。通过比较英、美等发达市场经济国家财政政策的变迁以及通过分析政策规则与相机抉择不同的理论假设,我认为在制定财政政策时必须两者兼顾。我国现行的稳健(中性)财政政策恰恰体现了这种思想的内涵与本质。     

养老基金投资的谨慎人规则及其在我国社保基金投资管理中的适用

与数量限制模式相比,谨慎人规则的监管模式有利于养老金管理机构根据基金的状况和市场状况确定基金投资政策,提高基金资产分散风险和获取更高投资收益的能力。目前,我国在全国社保基金投资运作中逐步引入谨慎人规则的时机业已成熟,相关法律应逐步放宽对社保基金的投资品种的限制,拓宽投资渠道,主要发挥理事会在社保基金投资运作和风险控制中的核心作用,由理事会根据证券市场的情况独立决定社保基金的投资政策,并通过委托投资合同和委托投资方针,对社保基金投资管理人的投资品种及各品种的比例进行约束。     

以人为本加强新时期的道德建设

以人为本是科学发展观的核心,新时期的道德建设也应该遵循以人为本这一指导思想。以人为本是新时期道德建设的客观要求,是个体利益与社会利益的统一。我们所具有的深厚的历史文化为建设以人为本的道德规范体系提供了有益的养分,同时以人为本的道德建设也体现着时代的进步。这种价值观念体现了人的自我发展与社会发展、自我价值与社会价值的统一。     

How justified is abandoning money in the conduct of monetary policy in Australia on the grounds of instability in the money‐demand function?

The role of money in the design and conduct of monetary policy has reemerged as an important issue in both advanced and developing economies, especially since the 2007 global financial crisis. A growing body of recent literature suggests that the causal relationship between money supply growth and inflation remains intact across countries and over time and that this relation is not conditional on the stability of the money‐demand function or whether money is endogenous or exogenous. Moreover, critical for a rule‐based monetary policy is the presence of a long‐run stable money‐demand function, rather than a short‐run money‐demand model that may exhibit instability for many reasons, including problems with estimating a money‐demand model with high‐frequency data. Provided that a stable money‐demand function exists, it could be useful to establish long‐run equilibrium relations among money, output, prices, and exchange rates, as the classical monetary theory suggests. Within this analytical framework, this paper addresses the question of whether money has any role in the conduct of monetary policy in Australia. The conventional wisdom is that the money‐demand function in Australia has been unstable since the mid‐1980s due to financial deregulation and reforms; this led to a change in the strategy of monetary policy for price stability in the form of inflation targeting that ignores money insofar as inflation and its control are concerned. This paper reports empirical findings for Australia, obtained from a longer quarterly data series over the period 1960Q1–2015Q1, which suggest that instability in the narrow‐money‐demand function in Australia was primarily due to the exclusion of variables which have become important in the deregulated environment since the 1980s. These findings are confirmed by an expanded form of the narrow‐money‐demand function that was found stable over the past two decades, although it experienced multiple structural breaks over the study period. The paper draws the conclusion that abandoning the monetary aggregate as an instrument of monetary policy in Australia, under a rule‐based monetary policy such as inflation targeting, cannot be justified by instability in the money‐demand function or even by lack of a causal link between money supply growth and inflation.     

Does the Reserve Bank of Australia follow a forward-looking nonlinear monetary policy rule?

ABSTRACT

The conventional monetary policy rule describes a simple linear relationship between the domestic interest rate, inflation rate and output gap. An important extension to this rule is to incorporate the forward-looking behaviour of central banks, where it is assumed that they target an expected level of inflation instead of its current realised value. Using quarterly observations for the period 1993:1-2018:2, this paper investigates whether the conduct of monetary policy in Australia can be described by a forward-looking linear monetary policy rule, or by a nonlinear forward-looking monetary policy rule. In particular, the nonlinear forward-looking monetary policy rule is analysed in a regime-switching framework using a smooth logistic transition regression model. While the results show that the conventional forward-looking linear monetary policy rule describes the application of monetary policy in Australia reasonably well, the interest rate setting behaviour of the RBA is best described by a nonlinear forward-looking monetary policy rule.     

完善我国的出口退税制度——以应对对我国的补贴指控为视角

文中从应对对我国的补贴指控的角度,分析了我国出口退税制度与 WTO 规则不符的根源,并提出了完善这一制度的建议.     

企业商业信用融资影响因素研究——基于管理人员研究经历的视角

本文以2008-2016年中国A股上市公司为样本,探讨管理人员研究经历对商业信用融资的"净效应"。研究结果表明,管理人员研究经历有助于企业获取更多的商业信用融资;相较于国有企业,管理人员研究经历有助于提升民营企业的商业信用融资;而当民营企业处于法治水平相对滞后的地区时,这种正向影响更为显著。关于作用机理的进一步研究表明,管理人员研究经历是通过强化企业内部控制建设、降低企业财务风险进而提升了企业获取商业信用的能力。     

会计信息违规性失真的治理机制研究

现代企业所有权合约安排决定了经营者分享企业剩余索取权.现代企业会计规则合约安排是政府享有一般通用会计规则制定权、经营者享有剩余会计规则制定权和会计规则执行权、注册会计师享有会计规则监督权;在会计规则监督权弱化条件下,经营者控制了企业剩余的计量.经营者既分享剩余又控制剩余计量导致了会计信息违规性失真.会计信息违规性失真是程序理性观下的信息失真.治理此问题,不能破坏现行的制度均衡,博弈论分析表明,政府加重对注册会计师偷懒(而不是对经营者舞弊)的处罚在长期中可以达到遏制会计信息违规性失真的目的.     

The Taylor Rule and “Opportunistic” Monetary Policy

We investigate the possibility that the Taylor rule should be formulated as a threshold process such that the Federal Reserve acts more aggressively in some circumstances than in others. It seems reasonable that the Federal Reserve would act more aggressively when inflation is high than when it is low. Similarly, it might be expected that the Federal Reserve responds more to a negative than a positive output gap. Although these specifications receive some empirical support, we find that a modified threshold model that is consistent with “opportunistic” monetary policy makes significant progress toward explaining Federal Reserve behavior.