Imperfections and Shortcomings of the Stakeholder Model’s Graphical Representation

The success of the stakeholder theory in management literature as well as in current business practices is largely due to the inherent simplicity of the stakeholder model––and to the clarity of Freeman’s powerful synthesised visual conceptualisation. However, over the years, critics have attacked the vagueness and ambiguity of stakeholder theory. In this article, rather than building on the discussion from a theoretical point of view, a radically different and innovative approach is chosen: the graphical framework is used as the central perspective. The major shortcomings of the popular stakeholder framework are systematically confronted with the graphical scheme to illustrate their visual impact. The graphical illustrations of the imperfections help explain the sometimes-oversimplified generalisation inherent to every graphical model. They also make some interrelationships easier to understand. The analysis demonstrates that, with the tacit but implicit acceptance of simplification of the discussed explanatory elements, Freeman’s framework remains a rather good approximation of reality. Only a few minor changes to the stakeholder model are consequently proposed.     

Applying the community capitals framework to the craft heritage trails of western North Carolina

ABSTRACT

HandMade in America, a nonprofit organization dedicated to the preservation of craft heritage, identified tourism as an economic development strategy for their service area, the North Carolina Appalachian Mountains. In 1996, HandMade released a guidebook, The Craft Heritage Trails of Western North Carolina, which was designed to draw visitors to rural mountain communities where they could discover artists among the surroundings where they draw inspiration. The book was updated in two subsequent additions, and a spin-off book Farms, Gardens, and Countryside Trails was released in 2002. This study utilizes the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) to illustrate how HandMade’s tourism strategy of trail development positively impacted multiple forms of community capital in rural communities. The CCF is a holistic system encompassing several forms of capital: natural, cultural, human, social, political, financial, and built. The results demonstrate the ripple effect of impacts of HandMade’s heritage trail development efforts.     

旅游信息科学：一个研究框架

信息和人类的实践活动紧密联系在一起。21世纪是信息社会,信息需求的不断增加和信息技术的快速发展推动了信息科学的全面建设。旅游业是一个综合性极强、信息依存度极高的产业,信息技术已经渗透到旅游活动的各个层面,给现代旅游活动和旅游研究带来了全方位的影响,旅游信息科学的创建和发展已刻不容缓。文章在深入分析信息、信息科学相关概念和理论的基础上,探讨了旅游系统和旅游信息科学之间的关系,提出了旅游信息及旅游信息科学的概念,阐述了旅游信息科学的学科体系（理论、方法论和技术体系）,构建了研究对象、研究领域、研究主题和研究目标的四维旅游信息科学研究框架（ODTG研究框架）,并结合旅游业以及旅游研究的发展趋势,指出了旅游信息科学的未来研究重点。     

农民旅游：概念、基本问题与研究框架——一个文献综述

随着农村经济发展带来农民财富积累及农民生活质量的提升,农民旅游迅速发展。文章基于中国转型期的社会背景,在回顾近30年来国内农民旅游研究文献的基础上,对农民旅游的概念内涵、研究历程、研究视角和研究特征进行了概括,并提出一些尚待研究的基本问题,包括旅游学科研究框架下如何界定农民、农村非均衡性导致的农民旅游差异化问题、如何划定农民旅游市场的界限以及如何对农民旅游市场进行统计等,最后构建出农民旅游研究框架。     

关系网络与三角分析框架:企业治理结构变迁逻辑的宏观分析

本文立足于社会网络理论的一般逻辑.搭建一个由"关系网络"衍生下的三角分析框架,为研究国有企业治理结构提供一个创新的本土化视角.     

欧盟成员国消费者信用信息数据跨境共享模式及实践

随着欧洲经济金融一体化的不断加深和欧元区跨境信贷市场的平稳发展,欧盟成员国探索出有效的消费者信用信息数据跨境共享模式。在分析欧盟国家征信行业架构的基础上,概括其多年的数据跨境共享实践经验,归纳出消费者信用信息数据跨境共享的可能模式和一般共识。     

商业银行发展投资银行业务的模式设计

在银行业全面开放和混业经营的趋势下,国内商业银行发展投资银行业务具有重要的意义。商业银行发展投资银行业务的关键在于如何在政策的限制下发挥资金、客户、信息三大优势。设计一个基于银行现有组织框架的“搭平台”和“自营精品业务”双轮驱动业务模式,有利于商业银行发展投资银行业务。     

探索会计稳健性研究的概念性框架

在详细解读会计稳健性概念的基础上,分析了不同阶段稳健性的涵义及其概念的最新发展,并阐述了稳健性存在的客观条件和经济解释.接着深入探究稳健性和会计目标的关系,稳健性在会计信息质量体系中的归属和作用,以及稳健性与会计环境的关系,勾勒出会计稳健性研究的概念性框架,为进一步的理论假设和模型开发提供基础.     

Understanding the determinants of RFID adoption in the manufacturing industry

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most promising technological innovations, with the potential to increase supply chain visibility and improve process efficiency. It allows remote identification of an object using a radio link. However, it has yet to see high rates of adoption in the manufacturing industry. Thus, effort is required to identify determinants affecting RFID adoption in the manufacturing industry. Based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework of Tornatzky and Fleischer (L.G. Tornatzky, M. Fleischer, The processes of technological innovation, Lexington Books, 1990), nine variables (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, top management support, firm size, technology competence, information intensity, competitive pressure, and trading partner pressure) are proposed to help predict RFID adoption. Data collected from 133 manufacturers in Taiwan is tested against the proposed research model using logistic regression. The results and implications included in our study contribute to an expanded understanding of the determinants that affect RFID adoption in the manufacturing industry.     

农产品流通渠道的维度:基于政治经济分析框架的研究

本文提出了我国农产品流通渠道研究的政治经济分析框架,展示了该框架对于农产品流通问题分析的独特视角。根据政治经济分析框架,农产品流通渠道可以分为经济与行为两个维度,而现有的研究则主要集中在经济维度上,这突显出加强对行为维度研究的必要性与紧迫性。本文对农产品流通渠道行为维度进行了理论上的界定与探讨,同时提出,需要引入营销渠道行为理论和关系营销理论作为主要理论工具对农产品流通渠道展开研究。