国债融资能否影响居民消费需求——基于城镇居民经验数据的实证分析

“传统的政府债务观点”与“李嘉图等价观点”对国债融资的消费效应存在很大的争议.本文基于生命周期假说,将国债幻觉引入基本消费函数,区分私人部门持有的国债资产和其他资产两部分,运用中国宏观经济数据实证分析了国债对城镇居民消费的影响.实证结果表明:国债对城镇居民具有一定的“财富效应”;人均可支配收入仍是居民消费的基础;其他金融资产对城镇居民具有“负”的财富效应,而住房资产对城镇居民而言具有“正”的财富效应.     

股票送转与管理者双重迎合

近年来我国上市公司对股票送转的热情高涨,送转比例不断攀升,上市公司如何进行股票送转决策？本文从公司内部和外部两方面探索了管理者在股票送转决策中的参照系选择以及迎合路径,结果发现:(1)公司内部可参考因素中,名义股价是管理者送转决策的参照系,送转意愿和比例跟随名义股价同向变化,为的是迎合投资者的名义价格幻觉;(2)公司外部可参考因素中,同类公司送转比例是管理者送转决策的参照系,送转意愿和比例跟随同类公司送转比例同向变化,为的是迎合投资者的参考点效应;(3)管理者的送转意愿和比例均跟随内外部参照系同向变化,而且两个参照系之间存在一定的替代效应。本文结果表明,理性管理者为了最优化股票送转决策,存在对投资者名义价格幻觉和参考点效应这两种非理性偏好的双重迎合。本文拓展了迎合理论,为参考点理论提供了新证据,较为全面地揭示了上市公司股票送转决策的机制,具有一定的监管启示。     

新闻的自由与原则

长期以来,在理解新闻自由的本质时,总存在着歧义和误解,往往还将新闻的自由与否作为区别中西方两种制度的重要内容。实质上无论哪种制度,新闻的自由都不是绝对的,都对新闻自由有明确的界定,新闻自由是有原则的自由,它随时随地都将受到政治制度、法律制度以及道德水平的制约。透过现象看本质,在认清新闻自由相对性的同时,要有原则地去遵循新闻自由的规律,积极发挥新闻自由的理性引导作用。     

Living in a world of low levels of predictability

This conclusion aims to summarize the major issues surrounding forecasting, as well as the extensive empirical evidence proving our inability to accurately predict the future. In addition, it discusses our resistance to accepting such inaccurate predictions, while putting forwards a number of ideas aimed at a complex world where accurate forecasting is impossible and where uncertainty reigns.     

FISCAL ILLUSION AT THE LOCAL SPHERE: AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE FLYPAPER EFFECT USING SOUTH AFRICAN MUNICIPAL DATA1

While South Africa operates a relatively decentralised governance and administrative structure, an important feature of the country's intergovernmental fiscal relations system is the gap that exists between the expenditure responsibilities of sub‐national authorities and their assigned revenue bases. The resulting vertical fiscal imbalance is mainly addressed via significant intergovernmental transfers to provinces and local governments. This factor presents strong a priori grounds for assuming that in the South African context, the heavy dependence of many local governments on intergovernmental transfers may generate fiscal illusion. Despite this, there have not been many empirical studies of fiscal illusion in South Africa's intergovernmental transfer system. This paper extends existing literature on fiscal illusion by using the fiscal year 2005/06 financial and expenditure data from 237 local government authorities in South Africa to evaluate the flypaper variant of the fiscal illusion hypothesis. Empirical results indicate that the marginal effects of municipal own‐source revenues on local expenditure exceed those of intergovernmental transfers. No statistical evidence in support of the flypaper hypothesis within the context of municipal expenditures in South Africa is found.     

名义价格幻觉——基于证券分析师目标价格预测的经验证据

本文利用证券分析师发布的股票目标价格预测,为名义价格幻觉提供了能够直接反映心理预期的经验证据。研究发现,证券分析师对低价股未来收益的心理预期显著高于高价股,该行为偏误在规模小、上市时间短、股票波动性大、财务透明度低和无形资产占比高等估值难度更大的股票中表现得更加明显。我们还利用股票送转,对证券分析师是否受到名义价格幻觉的影响做进一步验证,发现由送转引起的与基本面无关的名义价格下降显著提升了证券分析师对股票未来回报的心理预期。进一步研究表明,上述发现并不是因为证券分析师准确预见了低价股和高价股未来有不同的投资机会,也不是为了最大化其供职证券公司的利益而有意迎合投资者。