“We make the shoes,you make the story” Teenage girls’ experiences of fashion: Bricolage,tactics and narrative identity

This article explores the ways that French teenage girls use fashion discourse to construct their evolving identity from their recently left childhood to their future as fully grown women. Verbatim texts of 14 phenomenological discussions concerning clothing, accessories, make‐up and fashion are interpreted using the concepts of bricolage (Lévi‐Strauss), tactics (Certeau) and narrative identity (Ric?ur). The findings resonate with Thompson and Haytko’s portrayal of a dialogical relationship between consumers and a system of countervailing fashion meanings and with Murray’s exposition of a dialectical and discursive tension between sign‐experimentation and sign‐domination. But beyond this we elucidate the process by which teenagers also acquire, from personal social milieu, skills and tactics through which they toy with preconstrained sartorial symbolism to construct the plot line of their own lives which, in turn, reflects their past, defines their present self and presages their future.     

创业拼凑与机会开发过程模型--基于大学生创业的单案例分析

在"双创"教育的指引下,越来越多的大学生投身到创业活动之中,如何提高大学生创业存活率成为理论界与实践界关注的焦点。本文以一家大学生新创企业为例,采用纵向案例研究构建了大学生创业情境下"机会-资源一体化"过程模型,揭示了大学生新创企业利用创业拼凑进行机会开发的微观机制。研究发现在探索期,新创企业以资源为导向,采用物质拼凑和技能拼凑,实现"发现型机会"的开发;在稳定期,新创企业以机会为导向,采用网络拼凑和技能拼凑,实现"发现+创造型"机会的开发;在发展期,新创企业以顾客为导向,采用客户拼凑和技能拼凑,实现"创造型机会"的开发。研究结果可为揭示创业拼凑内部机理的形成提供方向,也可为从校园走出的大学生新创企业利用手边资源、开发有潜力的创业机会、实现企业可持续发展提供有益的借鉴和启示。     

资源拼凑、组织合法性与社会创业企业成长——基于扎根理论的多案例研究

社会创业是推动社会变革的重要途径之一,如何实现社会创业企业的成长是一个重要而尚未有效解决的难题。整合资源拼凑与组织合法性理论,以四家社会创业企业为样本进行多案例研究,旨在构建社会创业企业成长机制模型。研究发现,不同类型的资源拼凑有助于社会创业企业获取不同的组织合法性,进而促进其成长。其中,实物拼凑、技能拼凑和市场拼凑有助于社会创业企业获取市场合法性,促进其经济层面的成长;制度拼凑与人力拼凑有助于社会创业企业获取社会合法性以推动其社会价值的实现。同时,在社会创业企业成长的不同阶段,资源拼凑促进合法性获取的途径有所差异,企业成长程度亦有区别。研究结论揭示了社会创业企业成长过程机理,为我国社会创业企业的成长实践提供理论指导。     

Improvised internationalization in new ventures: The role of prior knowledge and networks

How do entrepreneurs identify foreign market opportunities and how do they identify foreign market(s) and customers? We draw on the concepts of effectuation, improvisation, prior knowledge and networks to study the early internationalization of new ventures operating in the Irish Shellfish sector. We argue that the internationalization process was strongly influenced by two ‘resources to hand’: the entrepreneurs’ idiosyncratic prior knowledge and their prior social and business ties. We observe an effectuation logic and extensive improvisation in the internationalization process of these new ventures.     

Bricolage in the urban cultural sector: the case of Bradford city of film

Abstract

This article discusses bricolage in the context of a social enterprise for urban development. It focuses on the case of BDK Limited, and discusses how this organisation contributes to the economic and social development of the British city of Bradford by promoting city-wide film-based cultural consumption and cultural pride. This research used semi-structured interviews, participant observation and documentary analysis to examine this organisation’s different modes of material and ideational bricolage. The entrepreneurs serve as material bricoleurs as they transform the residuals of the city’s industrial past from materials of no use and reminders of backwardness to sites for cultural consumption. This paper also identifies patterns of ideational bricolage. In Bradford, ethnic diversity has long been discursively associated with conflicts and backwardness by local businesses, potential investors, the media and even urban social entrepreneurs themselves. However, in this case study, diversity is re-perceived as a cultural asset for urban tourism and related industries.     

Bricolage,collaboration and mission drift in social enterprises

Abstract

Increasingly, social enterprises are relying on collaboration with partners to tackle the resource constraints that they face. In this research we focus on the strategy of bricolage to explore whether and how the different types of partner becoming involved may impact on the mission of social enterprises. Grounded in resource dependency and transaction cost theories, we explore how power asymmetry and the nature of involvement may impact on the outcomes of bricolage. Our findings demonstrate that in the more integrated relationships with high power asymmetry, more instances of mission drift might be observed compared to when social enterprises develop the more collaborative or complementary nature of partnerships with symmetrical power dependency, or when the partners’ involvements are mainly transaction-based.     

资源匮乏、拼凑策略与中小企业产品创新关系研究

资源对创新的作用研究多集中在资源富余的一面,但是在竞争日趋激烈的今天研究资源匮乏的作用同样很有必要。尤其是,已成为社会创新中坚力量的中小企业在资源普遍匮乏的同时,又灵活通过拼凑致力于创新,分别有研究据此推断资源匮乏和拼凑策略可能引致中小企业创新,但是这些论断尚需细化分析与验证。文章分类分析并以科技型中小企业为样本证实：资源匮乏和中小企业产品创新之间存在显著的倒U型关系;只有选择拼凑有利于中小企业产品创新,并行拼凑的作用恰好相反;连续拼凑负向调节资源匮乏和中小企业产品创新关系,选择拼凑则正向调节这一关系。分类别和多角度探讨资源匮乏、并行策略对于中小企业创新的作用表现是对相关研究的拓展和推进,对理解和促进我国当前中小企业的创新实践也具有参考价值。     

女性社会企业家创业动机、社会拼凑与反贫困创新绩效关系研究

“贫困女性化”的社会趋势显著,女性事实上成为全球反贫困的主要对象和反贫困的主要力量。女性社会创业作为反贫困创新的形式之一,却并未得到学者们的重视,相关研究非常缺乏。通过对国内外有关女性社会创业、社会拼凑理论文献的系统梳理构建了相对完整的理论基础,进一步丰富了社会创业领域的性别研究与拼凑研究。为分析女性社会企业家的创业动机、社会拼凑与反贫困创新绩效之间的关系问题,运用SEM方法对206份问卷分析后得出以下结论：女性社会企业家生存型动机与社会拼凑负相关,事业型动机与社会拼凑正相关;社会拼凑与女性社会企业家的反贫困创新绩效正相关;社会拼凑在女性社会企业家创业动机与反贫困创新绩效之间具有中介作用。     

创业者特质、资源拼凑与新创林业企业绩效

利用结构方程模型,根据121个新创林业企业调查所得数据,分析模糊忍受度、内部控制源、成就需要以及风险倾向这4个创业者特质对新创林业企业绩效的直接影响和间接影响。结果显示:受调查的新创林业企业在绩效方面还存在较大进步空间,新创林业企业的资源拼凑能力与实践较为有限;创业者的模糊忍受度特质和内部控制源特质对新创林业企业绩效具有显著的正向影响,并且模糊忍受度特质和内部控制源特质能通过资源拼凑对新创林业企业绩效产生间接的正向影响;创业者的成就需要特质仅能以资源拼凑为中介对新创林业企业绩效产生间接的正向影响;创业者的风险倾向特质对新创林业企业绩效未呈现出显著的影响。因此,创业者应重视创业者特质对新创林业企业绩效的影响,并强化使用资源拼凑策略能力;政府应帮助创业者提升资源拼凑能力,并引导具有创业者特质的创业者投入到林业创新创业中,提高新创林业企业的存活率和绩效。     

Understanding the distinctiveness of Chinese Post-80s tourists through an exploration of their formative experiences

Chinese Post-80s (the Chinese equivalent of Generation Y) are a distinct generation that emerged during a period of rapid political, social and economic change under Deng Xiaoping’s policy exploration with capitalism. Chinese Post-80s demonstrate higher levels of both complexity and sophistication in their tourist behaviours when compared with earlier generations of Chinese tourists yet their distinctiveness has been largely ignored in tourism research. Underpinned by generational cohort theory, this study explores the formative experiences of Chinese Post-80s and provides insights into the way these experiences have shaped this generation and their outbound travel. These formative experiences include Reform and Open Policy, One Child Policy and Education Reforms. Two discrete groups: “made in China” and transnational Chinese Post-80s tourists have been identified. We argue that while Chinese Post-80s tourists may share many aspects in common with their Western counterparts, this generation presents its distinctiveness due to its emergence from a specific sets of events with China’s rapid change that make Chinese Post-80s different from any generation in the global environment, creating new academic inquiries for established theories of generational studies. This nuanced understanding of Chinese Post-80s tourists has profound implications for theory and practice in the context of Chinese outbound travel.