创新视阈下专利许可公司商业模式解构研究

专利投机行为是专利运用的异化,其实施主体是被称为专利许可公司（NPEs）的非专利实施企业。从实施主体、专利类型、专利质量、许可关系及行为方式等要素系统解构专利许可公司的商业模式。在对专利投机行为盛行缘由和负面效应进行分析的基础上,运用NTP V. RIM和诺转型基亚两个经典案例,结合创新理论深刻揭示了专利许可公司的运营之道。     

军民两用技术产业集群协同创新模式比较——三个典型案例分析

近年来,我国已将军民两用技术产业集群创新纳入规划制定、创新管理、产业布局和课题研究中。随着国家军民融合战略和创新驱动发展战略的深入实施,系统分析军民两用技术产业集群协同创新模式能为提升国防科技工业自主创新能力,加速军民融合科技创新体系建设提供有力支撑。选择四川省军民两用核技术产业集群、陕西省军民两用航空产业集群、湖南省军民两用工程机械产业集群三个典型案例,从战略、知识、组织和制度4个方面进行比较,归纳出依托型、互动型、嵌入型3种不同协同创新模式,并在规划制定、产业链构建、政策保障等方面提出政策建议。     

Understanding the demand-side of economic change: a contribution to formal evolutionary theorizing

An outstanding fact of capitalist change in the last few centuries is the ongoing emergence of new consumption alternatives which accompany income and productivity growth in expanding economies. Far from satiating consumers, exponential economic growth seems to stimulate human desires by providing novelty and variety embodied in a persuasive flow of unsettling goods. Although this is a well-known fact characteristic of capitalist change, little attention has been paid by modern growth theorists to the understanding of demand-side phenomena related to the increasing significance of consumption activities in our societies. Against this background, in this article, we show that as soon as we start drawing the demand-side contour of economic change, new phenomena appear which enrich our understanding of economic growth and structural change. By using ‘replicator dynamics’ systems, consumption dynamics are formally linked to the ongoing generation of innovations in capitalist economies. Certain emergent properties concerning economic growth and structural change and several policy implications follow.     

Technological innovation and complexity theory

Complexity theory has become influential in recent models in social science. In the context of innovations and new technologies, most applications have focused on technology adoption and technology diffusion, whereas the topic of the innovation process has received less attention. This paper discusses three families of complexity models of technological innovation: fitness landscape models, network models and percolation models. The models are capable of analysing complex interaction structures (between components of technologies, between agents engaged in collective invention) while avoiding ‘over-parameterisation’. The paper ends with discussing the methodological challenges and critiques regarding the application of complexity theory that remain.     

IMPORTATION AND INNOVATION

Importation of drugs into the US may soon become legal. Since prices of drugs are lower in most other countries than they are in the US, importation would result in a decline in US drug prices. The purpose of this paper is to assess the consequences of importation for new drug development. First, the author presents a simple theoretical model of drug development which suggests that the elasticity of innovation with respect to the expected price of drugs should be at least as great as the elasticity of innovation with respect to expected market size (disease incidence). Then, the cross-sectional relationship between pharmaceutical innovation and market size among a set of diseases (different types of cancer) exhibiting substantial exogenous variation in expected market size is examined. Two different measures of pharmaceutical innovation are analysed: the number of distinct chemotherapy regimens for treating a cancer site and the number of articles published in scientific journals pertaining to drug therapy for that cancer site. Both analyses indicate that the amount of pharmaceutical innovation increases with disease incidence. The elasticity of the number of chemotherapy regimens with respect to the number of cases is 0.53. The elasticity of MEDLINE drug cites with respect to cancer incidence throughout the world is 0.60. In the long run, a 10% decline in drug prices would therefore be likely to cause at least a 5–6% decline in pharmaceutical innovation. Evidence suggests that pharmaceutical industry employment would also decline (by at least 3.5–4%) in response to an exogenous 10% decline in drug prices.     

创新价值链视角下的区域创新活动收敛分析

基于创新价值链视角,将我国创新活动分为知识创新、科研创新、产品转化创新3个阶段,运用空间面板收敛模型对各类创新活动进行收敛检验,研究结果显示：①空间自回归因子和扰动项的空间滞后因子对创新增长率有显著正向影响,说明创新水平增长在地区间具有显著的空间效应,存在空间示范效应和外生冲击传递效应,同时空间面板模型拟合效果整体上优于普通面板模型,说明我国创新活动收敛中有必要考虑空间因素;②知识创新和知识转化创新水平存在稳定的绝对β收敛,科研创新水平不存在收敛,通过基尼系数时序图验证了我国科研创新活动存在“马太效应”,另外两类创新活动水平则朝着收敛的趋势发展;③高校资源、市场化水平分别对知识创新和产品转化创新收敛有显著促进作用,信息化水平对三大创新活动收敛都有显著的促进作用。     

创新能力、空间依赖与长三角城市群增长核心演化

城市群经济系统发展过程中,核心城市的增长极化与扩散作用是推动城市群协同发展的关键机制。创新能力、要素集聚与扩散形成的区际空间外部性使得城市群增长核心不断演化,并形成系统协同发展的内在动力。长三角城市群核心城市的极化效应呈现出下降趋势,对其主要影响因素的实证分析结果表明：创新分工过程中创新要素集聚与创新溢出、空间依赖都对城市极化效应具有显著影响。因此,政策导向应从强化城市间创新分工、充分利用创新过程的空间外部性、推进城市群协同发展的制度创新等方面着手。     

东湖高新区科技创新国际化发展研究

随着经济全球化的深入发展,基于国际化视野进行创新政策、体制和创新体系改革的需求日益迫切。科技创新国际化已成为推动企业自主创新能力发展、经济结构调整与产业转型升级的一项关键举措,对于推动地区经济发展具有重要战略意义。对东湖高新区科技创新国际化现状进行了分析,研究了东湖高新区科技创新国际化优势以及存在的问题,提出依据政策资源、区内资源、人力和金融优势,通过引进国际化海外人才、营造科技创新环境、加大科技投融资建设和完善国际化政务服务体系等措施,实现东湖高新区科技创新国际化发展。     

大数据驱动情景下企业商业模式创新的发生机理

大数据时代是当前企业面对的全新运营环境,同时,企业商业模式创新一直是学术和实务界的关注热点,但大数据驱动情景下企业商业模式创新的发生机理至今仍是一个未解“黑箱”。采用话语分析方法,基于100个大数据案例提炼了商业模式创新的发生机理。研究得到了集合数据、行为、属性和情景4个范畴共16个语素的驱动因子模型,并刻画了以上语素和范畴之间的关系路径。     

创新驱动发展下国防专利制度面临的问题与完善

随着创新驱动发展战略的实施,知识产权制度特别是国防专利制度面临新一轮改革。自主创新环境、激励相容的运用实施机制和运转高效的管理体制是创新驱动发展对国防专利制度的内在要求。现有国防专利制度尚不能完全满足创新驱动发展的需要,创新驱动发展下国防专利制度面临权利归属不清、运用实施不畅、管理水平不适应等问题,必须提高国防专利创造的质量和水平,加大对国防专利运用实施的激励强度,提升国防专利管理的能力和效率。只有这样,才能适应经济新常态下创新驱动发展战略对国防知识产权制度变革的内在要求,发挥国防专利对经济发展的驱动作用。