竞争战略演化技术创新的影响——以江苏民营制造企业为例

基于江苏民营制造企业的问卷调查数据,在控制了地区和产业类别影响前提下,探讨同一情境下处于生命周期不同阶段企业取得竞争优势的竞争战略所构成的演化路径,并从技术创新视角揭示竞争战略演化的动因。研究表明,处于初创期、成长期、成熟期的企业,竞争战略呈现＂没有明确选择-低成本战略-差异化战略＂的演化路径。工艺创新对低成本战略演化有显著影响,产品创新对差异化战略演化有显著影响。总体上看,工艺创新是企业竞争战略演化的主要推动力。推进制造企业转型升级,需要加大产品创新力度,提升产品创新对竞争战略的影响。     

白俄罗斯科技发展现状

白俄罗斯政治稳定,经济发展潜力大。该国一贯倡导科技创新,尤其后金融危机时期制定了一系列鼓励技术创新的政策,并加大科技研发投入,积极拓展国际科技合作。近年在加强与独联体国家科技合作的同时,不断开展与欧盟和亚洲国家的合作。与中国的科技合作一直是其对外交往的重中之重。近年来,两国问开展了多层面多领域的合作,取得了诸多务实的成效和成果,为双方形成互利双赢的科技合作局面打下了良好基础。     

基于SNS的企业群体知识创新交互研究

群体知识创新是目前知识创新发展的重要方式,SNS为促进知识创新提供了虚拟网络环境。本文介绍了SNS的特点,分析了当前技术环境下群体学习模式的变化以及群体交互学习与企业知识创新的关系,提出了企业群体行为的概念结构,构建了基于SNS的群体学习交互机制。     

Technology evaluation in Taiwan's technology industries: Strategies, trajectories, and innovations

Technology evaluation, as an organizational process, is the essential ability to comprehend the values of technologies very soon after they emerge. Meanwhile, the technology evaluation process is inevitably influenced by the firm's industrial context, such as its technological trajectory. This study defines technology evaluation strategy in terms of the processes, methods, and participants involved, and uses this definition as a taxonomy to explore different types of technology evaluation strategies. A survey on the technological industries is conducted to explore types of technology evaluation strategies and their relationships with the advantages of different types of innovation under the effects of different technological trajectories. The survey identifies four types of technology evaluation strategies, namely, those of the flexible executive strategist, the emergent executive intuitionist, the deliberate quantitative strategist, and the deliberate consensual strategist, are identified. This study has found that certain types of technology evaluation strategies have better innovation performances than the others. The patterns of technological trajectories are also found to influence a firm's technology evaluation strategy and the advantages of certain types of innovations. The established explanations of the relationships among the technological trajectory, innovation type, and technology evaluation strategies may guide technology businesses to develop a better technology evaluation capability. The theoretical framework developed in this research enriches the strategic management literature with a new taxonomy for technology evaluation strategies.     

Corporate foresight: Its three roles in enhancing the innovation capacity of a firm

In the last three decades much knowledge has been produced on how best to conduct foresight exercises, but little is known on how foresight should be integrated with the innovation effort of a company. Drawing on empirical evidence from 19 case studies and 107 interviews, we identify three roles that corporate foresight should play to maximize the innovation capacity of a firm: (1) the strategist role, which explores new business fields; (2) the initiator role, which increases the number of innovation concepts and ideas; and (3) the opponent role, which challenges innovation projects to increase the quality of their output.     

The interaction effect of strategic orientations on new product performance in the high-tech industry: A nonlinear model

Innovation and market orientation are two strategic orientations or business philosophies that can guide a company in its business activities. Although the interaction effect of these two strategic orientations is conceptually recognized as a critical factor for new product's success, empirical results are mixed. This paper examines this issue in terms of innovation orientation, two types of market orientations (responsive and proactive), and new product performance. Based on a sample of 107 high-tech firms, the results of this study show that the interaction between innovation orientation and two types of market orientation yields different patterns of nonlinear responses for new product performance. Specifically, new product performance, when derived from the interaction between innovation orientation and responsive market orientation, is in the form of an inverted U, i.e., the interaction effect is contributory to firm performance until an optimal level is reached, and then the effect becomes detrimental thereafter. However, new product performance derived from innovation orientation and proactive market orientation is in the form of a U, i.e., the interaction effect is detrimental to firm performance until a threshold level is reached and then the effect becomes contributory thereafter. The different patterns of new product performance indicate that the costs and organizational learning effects of these two strategic orientation interactions are dissimilar. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

市场结构理论分析范式演进研究

通过系统地梳理市场结构理论从SCP框架到厂商策略性行为研究的演变历程,并结合分析经济实践变迁,本文发现,推动市场结构理论分析范式演进的两个主要动因是方法论创新和理论范畴拓展。前者导致了结构主义SCP范式的确立和行为主义的兴起;后者催生了以交易费用为核心概念的新制度主义产业组织理论。展望市场结构理论未来的发展趋势,本文认为,从方法论创新上,博弈论将研究重点转向了企业策略性行为;从范畴拓展上,品牌经济学将开创对消费者行为研究的新领域。     

Technology competencies in competitive environment

Although prior studies suggest that technology competencies play a significant role in firm innovation and competitiveness, what and how technology competencies interacted with competitive environment affect firm innovation has not been fully understood. This paper fills this research gap through a questionnaire survey of 165 firms together with a number of interviews drawn from the Taiwan's information and communication technology (ICT) industry. The results suggest that capabilities of exploring or exploiting technological opportunities, core technology capability, and autonomy of R&D decisions are particularly important to firm innovation in a highly competitive environment, whereas over commitments to existing technologies may constrain a firm's innovation especially in such environment. Moreover, different types of competitive environment require different types of technological competencies to enhance firm innovativeness. This paper contributes to the existing theory by examining the joint effect of technology competency and competitive environment on a firm's innovation.     

日本企业管理模式及其进化路径

日本产品长期以优质而廉价等特征,在世界市场赢得竞争优势.迄今为止,这种优势仍然显著.究其原因,其背后的日本式管理模式发挥了重要作用.然而,人们对于日本模式的认知,却还普遍停留在"终身雇佣、年功序列和企业内工会"等所谓"三大神器"论的表象特征,对其内在复杂构成、系统化特征及其进化路径等,缺乏深入理解,而这些因素恰恰对正在形成中的中国模式具有重要借鉴意义.     

用系统性思维解决我国中小企业融资难问题

由于信息不对称、高风险、缺少抵押品及管理体制落后等原因,中小企业融资难成为一个全球性的问题。我国中小企业融资难问题可以归结到企业自身缺陷和金融机构过高的运营成本上。本文分析了中小企业融资难问题的成因,为中国中小企业摆脱融资困境提供了政策建议。