产业集聚技术溢出与创新效应的经济学分析

溢出效应表现为从外部对经济主体带来利益或损失.本文讨论了产业集聚企业间技术创新相对溢出的问题,分析了产业集聚企业技术创新溢出效应,技术溢出与企业技术创新等问题,从而探求技术溢出与保护的博弈均衡途径.     

我国上市公司过度投资行为的识别

由于股东和经理之间存在信息不对称而产生的代理成本问题,使得经理有过度投资的倾向,但是原有过度投资的检验方法并未能准确地界定过度投资行为。本文在综合考虑项目投资的期限、投资的行业差异和投资收益情况因素后确定了过度投资行为的判断标准,在此基础上进行过度投资的识别可以更好地发现存在过度投资的企业,并为进一步研究过度投资的治理提供准确的数据支持。过度投资上市公司在负债比例、投资年度的收益以及是否处于战略扩张阶段等方面和其他上市公司存在显著差异。     

“互联网+制造”模式下产业政策比较研究

基于Rothwell和Zegveld政策工具,从国家顶层政策设计视角选取2012-2016年中国、德国、美国“互联网+制造”模式11项产业政策为分析样本,对比顶层政策的高效性、合理性。研究发现,人才培养仍然是各国政策的关注点,政府在产业发展过程中的引导角色至关重要,政策出台的连续性和稳定性比创新性更重要。最后,提出中国政府利用“互联网+制造”模式发展契机,通过细化顶层政策设计、建立制造和技术传承新范式等促进制造业良性发展的相关建议。     

乡村旅游开发:我国城市反哺农村的理想途径

以城市和乡村这两种不同类型的人类集居地域对比为基础,从乡村旅游的本质和特性着手,探讨其在我国城市反哺农村中的产业优势与产业适宜性。认为乡村旅游通过吸引城市居民直接到农村地区异地消费而巧妙地实现城乡之间财富的隐形调拨,是平衡地区经济的天然杠杆;乡村旅游主要以乡村环境和物产以及遍在性的山水和风土民情为物质基础,从而使得绝大多数农村地区都具备发展条件,堪称为农村地区"量身订造"的新型产业;乡村旅游还因就地取材和游客主动上门而能获得既靠近原料地、又靠近消费市场的产业布局效应;乡村旅游业发展条件的门槛较低,是落后的农村地区可进入性较好的产业。     

基于RMP理论的盐池旅游资源开发研究探讨

盐池文化包含与盐池有关的经济活动和文化活动的各个方面,从古至今都对当地经济发展和居民生活有着巨大影响。在面临国家综合配套改革试验区的机遇及相应支持政策下,盐池文化的深度开发已经成为区域经济转型发展的重要环节。通过采用RMP方法对当前盐池文化旅游产品进行调查研究,从资源、市场、产品三个角度分析目前开发中存在的问题,并提出针对性的开发策略与保障措施,进而对地方经济转型提供参考。     

Technological evolution and economic instability: Theoretical simulations

This paper aims to study those firms which have similar characteristics at the beginning of time. The objective is to observe the relation that exists between technological evolution, firms' performances and economic instability. This is done using an adaptation of the Nelson and Winter model, in order to show the possibility of various growth trajectories, and also to underline the heterogeneity of the firms. This heterogeneity corresponds to a period of economic instability, and itself only exists as a result of the specific nature of the technological trend. The theoretical interest lies in using the structures/performances relation, by according a central place to innovation.     

产业转移背景下生产性服务业发展影响因素分析

发展生产性服务业,以服务代替实物投入生产运营,是转变经济发展方式、优化产业结构的有效途径,是增加产品科技含量和附加值的关键所在。研究了当前产业区域转移背景下,影响湖南、广东生产性服务业发展的具体因素——城镇化水平、工业水平、开放度、市场化水平。通过建立自回归模型和对因素之间协调发展度的测量,发现城镇化和市场化对湖南省生产性服务业的促进作用最为显著,工业发展没有充分带动湖南省生产性服务业的增长,而开放程度和工业化在拉动广东省生产性服务业的过程中起了重要作用,各因素对广东省的拉动幅度和作用速度均强于湖南。     

Backcasting energy futures using industrial ecology

Backcasting has been widely used for developing energy futures. This paper explores the potential for using industrial ecology to guide the development of energy futures within a backcasting framework. Building on the backcasting work of Robinson [1], a seven step method is presented to embed industrial ecology principles within the development and assessment of future scenarios and transition paths toward them. The approach is applied to the case of backcasting regional energy futures in the Latrobe Valley, near Melbourne, Australia. This region has substantial brown coal deposits which are currently mined and used in coal-fired power stations to generate electricity. Bounded by a sustainability vision for the region in a carbon-constrained world, regional industrial ecologies in 2050 were backcast around three themes: bio-industries and renewables (no coal usage); electricity from coal with carbon capture and storage (low to high coal usage); and coal to products such as hydrogen, ammonia, diesel, methanol, plastics and char (demonstrating medium to high overall coal use relative to current levels). Potential environmental, technological, socio-political and economic impacts of each scenario across various life cycle stages were characterised. Results offer a platform for regional policy development to underpin deliberation on a preferred future by the community, industry and other stakeholders. Industrial ecology principles were found to be useful in backcasting for creatively articulating alternative futures featuring industrial symbiosis. However, enabling the approach to guide implementation of sustainable transition pathways requires further development and would benefit from integration within the Strategic Sustainable Development framework of Robèrt et al. [2].     

非农投资总量、结构和要素替代对就业的影响

将影响非农产业就业量的增长因素分解为:投资总量效应、结构变化效应和要素替代效应;投资总量的增长是拉动非农就业增长的主要力量,投资的行业结构变化效应以及要素替代效应导致了非农就业的下降。     

中国制造业区域聚集及国际比较

本文利用Ellison and Glaeser(1997)衡量行业区域聚集和共同聚集的指标体系,考察中国制造业的区域聚集程度在1998至2003年间的发展趋势,并进行了国际比较。我们发现中国的行业区域聚集程度仍处在一个上升阶段。我们还注意到,无论就行业区域聚集程度还是行业区域共同聚集程度而言,中国目前仍低于西方发达国家近期的水平。