Evolution on the Shoulders of Giants: Entrepreneurship and Firm Survival in the German Laser Industry

This paper studies 40 years of evolution in the German laser industry, which developed in the context of strong foreign competition. Key characteristics found in the U.S. laser industry are also present in Germany. There is sustained entry into the industry, and neither a shakeout nor first-mover advantages of early entrants are observed. Similar to the U.S. industry, spin-offs from existing laser firms have been more long-lived than have been academic startups. An analysis of the spin-off process indicates the importance of specific capabilities acquired at the parent firm.      

基于交易费用的产业集聚发展研究

随着产业集聚的迅速成长,这种集聚现象成为全球经济发展中的普遍现象。产业集聚的原因在于外部经济、规模经济、运输成本。在分工理论和交易费用理论的基础上,通过建立区域分工——贸易模型,从交易费用的角度论证了交易费用水平对产业集聚形成和发展的影响。     

An industry viewpoint on the role of farm assurance in delivering food safety to the consumer: The case of the dairy sector of England and Wales

Food safety, alongside food quality, remains a primary concern of both consumers and those along the whole food supply chain, leading to regulation by government alongside private third party certification. Much has been written about the value of these systems primarily from the perception of the consumer. This paper reports on a study that examined industry perceptions on the regulatory and assurance systems within the dairy sector of England and Wales. It found that the primary producer found value in both systems, although from a food hygiene focus regulation was seen to be more rigorous. Other stakeholders along the dairy food supply chain saw the assurance scheme as more rigorous. All stakeholders recognised the need to reduce duplication in delivering food safety through combining key elements of both systems with the added potential for better communication of both food safety and quality to the final consumer.     

新时期我国五年规划的逻辑探讨

五年规划本身就体现了一种国家建制性力量，它不仅是指导当前发展的必需之举，也是引领未来创新的必要之策。新时期的五年规划，应适应我国计划经济向市场经济转轨、技术追赶向创新引领转变的新形势，立足政府正面清单的职能范围，强化渗透能力、汲取能力以及协调能力等国家能力建设，明确面向未来、市场导向的产业政策和面向大众的基本公共服务供给安排，着力营造企业、个人和社会良好发展的环境。     

房企跨界经营动因、产业选择与经济后果——以恒大地产为例

市场形势和竞争格局发生根本性变革，促使我国房地产企业通过跨界经营寻求逆势突破，弯道超车，实现企业增值。资源基础、政策调整、规避风险、企业文化和市场势力是恒大地产跨界经营的主要驱动因素，具体从旅游产业、体育产业、文化产业、快速消费品产业和金融产业实施多元化路径，以实现价值溢价和品牌溢价。实证发现，恒大地产的财务指标逆势上扬，企业价值得到提高，多元化经营收到了良好的成效。最后，为我国房地产企业多元化经营，实现转型升级提供相关建议。     

服务业FDI与服务贸易关系的文献综述

自2001年我国加入WTO后,我国服务业就呈现出稳步发展的良好势头。与此同时,服务业吸引的外商直接投资(FDI)规模逐年扩大。国内外对服务业、服务贸易和FDI的研究早已展开,尤其是近年来,在此领域的期刊文献越来越多,但较系统的文献综述较少。鉴于此,本文将对服务业FDI和服务贸易的关系的进行综述。     

Patterns of technology,industry concentration,and productivity growth without scale effects

This paper investigates the relationship between geographic patterns of industry and economic growth in a two-country model of trade with no scale effect, where productivity growth is generated by firm investment in process innovation. We find that dispersed equilibria with industry located in both countries produce higher growth rates than concentrated equilibria with all industry located in one country. The highest growth rate arises for equal industry shares and no productivity gap, implying that industry concentration has a negative effect on overall growth. Convergence towards a dispersed equilibrium is contingent on transport costs and knowledge dispersion.     

The European pulp and paper industry in transition to a bio-economy: A Delphi study

The current challenge facing the European pulp and paper industry is how to materialize the transformation to a bio-economy, as well as to realize the necessary new green innovations. The risks, costs and constraints of doing business will increase, thereby further intensifying competition, but at the same time new business opportunities will open up. This study adopts a three-round dissensus-based Delphi approach in order to explore our key research question of how the pulp and paper industry may change strategically, and what is the potential for value creation in the year 2030. According to our expert panel, the main drivers of competitiveness in 2030 will include energy and material efficiency, sustainability, as well as new innovations in products to serve customer needs better. According to the projected 2030 scenario, the pulp and paper industry will produce more diversified products, focus on higher value-added, and aim at consumer segments with higher environmental awareness. On average, 40 percent of the turnover will according to the panel come from genuinely new products. Strategic cross-sectorial partnerships will have a key role in making this big leap, while simultaneously acknowledging the changing needs of sustainability-conscious customers and other stakeholders.     

智能局部通风成套装备在山西三元煤业股份有限公司的应用

本文介绍了矿井智能局部通风成套装备组成及特点,详细介绍了该装备的优点以及达到的效果,并介绍了其使用情况和运行情况。     

一种MRO企业复杂现象探析

现代社会经济条件下,流通业引导生产和消费,具有较高的产业关联度,正成为国民经济前导和产业基础. MRO 产业作为流通经济中重要领域,对其发展和应用提出了新的要求.MRO物品特殊性表现出一种市场不确定性,即不知何时需求和需要多少,为此, MRO企业生产运营过程存在复杂现象. 本文运用了九宫图、突变和超循环模型对MRO企业物品在实际运营过程复杂现象进行了分析,针对MRO物品现象提出了"AT"图像模型和超循环模型,分析了MRO物品相对确定性和绝对不确定性,并对一个MRO企业各环节之间内在联系和规律做出探析.