内生性产业集群、产业分工网络和产业生产价值链——一个基于分工演进和专业化的产业发展分析的新框架

文章以内生性的专业化和分工为基础,构建了一个内生性产业集群和产业分工网络发展的一般均衡模型,分析了在经济一体化背景下产业集群、产业分工网络和专业化生产之间的内在关联和作用规律。模型的结论认为,国家(产业)间的制度效率与竞争强度之间存在着循环效应,而这种循环效应能够决定产业集群的布局和配置,决定各国在产业价值链上的位置,并最终决定经济增长的状态。尤其是,一国技术(经济)系统的制度效率的进步将会增加市场交易的需求,进而扩展产业分工的网络规模;而这又将推动产业集群的发展,扩大产业网络的范围,提升该国在产业生产价值链上的位置。     

结构改革与中国工业增长

1978年以来,中国工业在持续的结构改革中经历了强劲的增长和生产率水平的不断提高。本文估算了工业分行业随机前沿生产函数,发现1992年后,TFP增长超过了要素投入增长,但是TFP对工业增长的贡献在2001年后出现了下降。进一步对TFP增长分解后发现,由工业结构改革引致的行业间要素重置显然对改革开放期间中国工业生产率的提高乃至工业增长起到了实际推动作用,即结构红利是显著存在的,而2001年后要素配置效率的下降也成为同期TFP增长贡献份额下降的主要原因。因素回归分析显示,中国要素市场的改革和工业行业的结构调整主导了要素配置效率变化的总体走势,并造成了不同行业要素配置效率的显著差异。     

OECD organisational discourse, peer reviews and sustainable development: An ecological-institutionalist perspective

As part of the recent ‘ideational turn’ in research on international organisations, the study of organisational discourse has gained popularity. Yet ecological economics has thus far paid little attention to the role of organisations as sites for the discursive battles over the meaning of sustainable development. For an international organisation without regulatory powers, such as the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), discourse is the main vehicle for policy influence, but it also plays a key role in (re)defining the organisation's identity and authority. The OECD's organisational discourse has been strongly dominated by ‘modern mainstream economics’, and has given little room for marginalised discourses. This paper compares, from the perspective of institutionally oriented ecological economics (IOEE), and borrowing from critical discourse analysis, the experience from attempts to integrate the concept of sustainable development within two OECD peer review mechanisms - the Economic Surveys and the Environmental Performance Reviews. The extent to which the respective conceptions of sustainable development in the two reviews are in line with the principles of IOEE and the reasons for the apparent failure of sustainable development discourse to gain foothold within the organisation are analysed.     

治理理论视阈下交通运输社会管制制度分析

改革开放以来,我国交通运输业取得了令人瞩目的成就,但与此同时,交通安全、环境污染等问题也日益突出。在交通运输行业我们的社会管制制度存在着错位、越位和缺位等问题,为此本文运用了新制度经济学的制度变迁理论和公共治理理论对我国交通运输社会管制制度进行了分析探讨,认为传统的交通运输行业政府管理模式具有强大的惯性作用,决定了我国交通运输社会管制的制度变迁表现出比较明显的“路径依赖”性,正处于制度从均衡状态——不均衡状态——均衡状态中的不均衡状态即锁定状态,要实现交通运输社会管制制度的创新,我们必须要改革交通运输行业政府管理模式,由交通运输行业政府单极治理模式向社会、公众和政府的交通运输多元治理模式转变。     

How does a cluster relocate across the border? The case of information technology cluster in the Taiwan-Suzhou region

Since the end of the Cold War, cross-border regions have proliferated at the borders of formal socialist countries, especially in China. Existing accounts of these emergences treat them either at the macro-level, focusing on political initiatives, or at the micro-level, with emphasis on social and economic relations. This paper uses the Taiwan-Suzhou cross-border region as a case study for suggesting a meso-level approach, arguing that as a result of continuous interactions between individual Taiwanese information technology firms and opportunity structures generated by the selective opening of the Chinese border, the formation of cross-border high-tech regions is shaped and determined at the level of the industrial system. The industrial system acts as a platform for coordination and cooperation between local elites and foreign investors and among individual firms within this system. The formation of the cross-border high-tech region thus involves the relocation and institutional re-embedding of industrial systems across the border, which has been accompanied by the systemic building of Taiwanese firms on the one hand, and the institutional innovation of Chinese local states on the other.     

A research agenda for improving national Ecological Footprint accounts

Nation-level Ecological Footprint accounts are currently produced for more than 150 nations, with multiple calculations available for some nations. The data sets that result from these national assessments typically serve as the basis for Footprint calculations at smaller scales, including those for regions, cities, businesses, and individuals. Global Footprint Network's National Footprint Accounts, supported and used by more than 70 major organizations worldwide, contain the most widely used national accounting methodology today. The National Footprint Accounts calculations are undergoing continuous improvement as better data becomes available and new methodologies are developed. In this paper, a community of active Ecological Footprint practitioners and users propose key research priorities for improving national Ecological Footprint accounting. For each of the proposed improvements, we briefly review relevant literature, summarize the current state of debate, and suggest approaches for further development. The research agenda will serve as a reference for a large scale, international research program devoted to furthering the development of national Ecological Footprint accounting methodology.     

江苏省人才与产业转型发展互动关系研究

以江苏省为例,在梳理相关文献的基础上,运用规范与实证、定性与定量相结合的分析方法,对人才与产业转型升级之间的互动关系进行研究,揭示两者之间显著的互动关系,并根据分析结果,提出促进人才和产业协同发展的对策与建议。     

中国证券市场机构投资者与上市公司盈余管理关联性的研究

本研究从中国证券市场机构投资者与上市公司盈余管理之间关系这一视角出发,来说明机构投资者在公司治理中的作用,通过对相关理论的归纳和分析,构建了研究假设,在此基础上,利用中国上市公司数据,设计实证模型,对研究假设进行了论证.研究发现了在中国证券市场当机构投资者持股比例高时抑制盈余管理,机构持股比例低时加剧盈余管理,即倒U型的关系。研究应用截面数据分析、面板数据分析、单变量分析等方法,从2005年和2007年的数据验证出倒U型的拐点在机构持股6%,说明机构持股6%以后,在公司治理中发挥了抑制操纵盈余的盈余管理的积极作用。利用2004～2007年的数据,进一步的研究发现,随着近年机构投资者的发展和国家的政策导向,机构投资者对盈余管理的抑制作用越来越强,在公司治理中越来越显示出重要的作用。     

改善民生是中国城乡统筹改革实践的原动力

民生是中国城乡统筹改革实践的原动力。改革起始期,是民生呼唤下的自发改革与政策调整;改革深入期,是民生推动下的体制转轨与制度创新;改革攻坚期,是民生引导下的统筹发展与新农村建设。30年农村改革历程,致使民生问题的不断解决与改革的渐进式节奏相互吻合,推动着"人本"式的农村改革健康有序地发展。