Indian Economy: Growth Performance and Prospects of Transitioning the Growth Trajectory

After a prolonged period of underperformance, Indian economy picked up momentum during the 1980s and 1990s. After 2001, it even had a period of stellar economic growth and the real gross domestic product growth rate came tantalizingly close to double digit. Optimists began to believe that India could emulate China's sustained superlative economic performance. The author argues that this amounts to stretching optimism. There is still a long list of macroeconomic reform and restructuring measures that have been ignored. Whether it will be able to emulate China will essentially depend on doing what was left undone in the past.     

新制度经济学视野下的“三旧”改造

"三旧"改造实质是制度变迁的过程,这是因为能够决定和影响社会结构、行为主体功能及行为的本质变量还是制度。运用新制度经济学的交易费用理论、产权理论、制度变迁理论的基本观点,对"三旧"改造所涉及的集体土地所有权、农民的利益及权利、现行征地制度进行研究可以得出:从整体上看,"三旧"改造就是围绕权利及权利规定进行的新的制度安排,是以权力和利益的重新分配为起点,以制度改革为主线展开的一系列变迁。     

构建EGP与ESP相融合的大学英语教学

本文将结合目前大学英语教学的现状,分析课程设置与中国经济、社会发展以及学生需求之间存在的问题,依据大学英语课程改革的社会、经济及学生个体发展需求,构想基础英语教学与专门用途英语教学相融合的教学模式,呼唤更为科学的大学英语课程设置与改革。     

The spirit of management reforms

Abstract

The article reports on a comparative case study of the administrative cultures of the Australian (Queensland) and the Hungarian governmental administration. The basic finding of the study is that the culture profiles of the two administrative (sub-)systems are surprisingly similar. This finding is used to conclude that the organizational level of administrative culture is unlikely to play a significant role in shaping New Public Management (NPM) reforms. Moreover, this conclusion sheds a cloud of doubt onto the claim frequently found in NPM literature that NPM reforms involve a replacement of ‘outmoded, bureaucratic thinking’ with a ‘culture of efficiency and entrepreneurship’.     

Effects of personal characteristics on organizational commitment: evidence from Brazil's oil and gas industry

In 1997, Brazil's major energy company faced a loss of its monopoly as part of the country's structural reform. Many of its employees were recruited by new entrants to the oil and gas industry. In order to retain employees, the company initiated a multiyear planning process which included a redesigned human resource management model oriented to organizational commitment. This study examines the long-term influence of five employee personal characteristics (type of employment, job level, gender, education level and service time) on the affective, normative and continuance components of organizational commitment. The research was conducted in one of the company refinery and involved a questionnaire survey of all employees and interviews with senior managers. It was found that type of employment (company staff or contractor) had the greatest impact on affective and normative commitment, while service time and education level are the most significant contributors to continuance commitment. Gender and job level were found to have limited implication for commitment. The results demonstrate that the company response to structural reform had the long-term positive effect of binding employees to the organization.     

土地估价机构风险评价体系研究

我国土地估价机构在激烈的市场竞争中面临着各种风险,识别和评价风险是土地估价机构实施有效风险防控策略的前提。本文在对土地估价机构风险系统分析的基础上,设计了包含财务风险、人力资源风险、评估技术创新风险、委托方信用风险、成本效率风险、激励制度风险等非系统风险和政治风险、经济风险、社会风险、市场风险、其他风险等系统风险的多层次风险体系,基于Vague集理论对风险体系的底层指标做出筛选,形成较完善的土地估价机构风险指标体系;给出了明确的风险评价指标等级划分标准,建立了土地估价机构风险模糊评价模型,实现了对土地估价机构风险较为全面和科学的分析评价。     

Institutional distance and the quality of the headquarters–subsidiary relationship: The moderating role of the institutionalization of headquarters’ practices in subsidiaries

Through the lens of the institutional theory, we developed and empirically tested a contingency theoretical framework that examines the effects of formal and informal institutional distances on the quality of the headquarters–subsidiary relationship, and how such effects are contextualized by internal institutionalization of headquarters’ practices in subsidiaries of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs). Data were collected from both the headquarters of 297 Chinese MNEs and their respective subsidiaries. The results show that regulative and cultural distances are positively associated with the quality of the headquarters–subsidiary relationship, and that these positive relationships are stronger when subsidiaries institutionalize headquarters’ practices to a higher degree. Theoretical and practical implications are highlighted in the paper.     

International standards certification,institutional voids and exports from developing country firms

This paper analyses the impact of International Standards Certification (ISC) on the export participation and the scale of exports of firms based in 89 developing or transition countries. We conceptualise ISC as an endogenous institutional advantage, which bridges institutional voids in the country and helps firms to export. The empirical results show that certified firms are more likely to export, and to export on a larger scale. The impact of ISC runs through two channels: productivity and transaction cost economies. We show that certification plays an important role in bringing down transaction costs in international markets, while also maintaining and raising efficiency. This finding is reinforced by additional evidence, suggesting that ISC matters more for the export participation of domestic firms than for foreign firms and is of greater importance for firms based in countries characterised by severe institutional voids.     

Economic Growth and Decline with Endogenous Property Rights

This article introduces endogenous institutional changeinto a neoclassical growth model. For some parameter values,all Markov perfect equilibria involve a shift from common propertyto private property followed by a shift back to common property.Even in the presence of a linear production technology, thissequence of switches generates growth rates that are increasingat low levels of capital and decreasing at high levels of capital.This result rationalizes the hump-shaped growth path followedby some countries through history, as well as the conditionalconvergence observed in postwar data. For other parameter values,there are also equilibria in which common property prevails forever.This result rationalizes the low-growth traps in which many poorcountries find themselves.     

我国民间金融边缘化问题及对策研究

我国民间金融是在以政府为主导的强制性经济制度变迁中形成的诱致性融资制度变迁,它改变了以往民营企业内源融资占主导地位的融资格局,它作为一种市场化融资制度安排为中国的渐进式经济改革提供了强大的体制外金融资源支持。与此同时,民间金融的发展也存在着一定的风险。本文主要探讨我国民间金融的成因、存在的问题及其未来发展的对策。