贴现因子、偏好和行为经济学

本文讨论了影响人们跨时选择的重要因素--贴现因子的最新进展以及他们在经济学和金融中的重要应用,给出了目前关于改变贴现因子的模型.     

On the test of the correction mechanism for mis-pricing between assets using a statistical yield spread model

This paper investigates the existence of a correction mechanism for mis-pricing between Japanese stock and bond. By this correction mechanism we mean that when deviations occur from the equilibrium levels of the expected return differentials between stock and bond — the risk premium differentials, the market will tend to correct the mis-pricing and bring the expected return differentials back to the equilibrium levels. We assume that the yield spread between the predicted earnings price ratio of stock and the yield to maturity of bond reflects the risk premium between stock and bond, and estimate the equilibrium risk premium differentials and mis-prices between stock and bond by modelling their behaviors with a statistical yield spread model (SYS). Empirical results strongly indicate the existence of the mis-pricing correction mechanism, suggesting the inefficiency of securities markets.     

2014年2月国际金融市场运行综述

2014年2月,美元指数振荡走低;主要货币短期利率基本持平;主要国家中长期国债收益率先升后降;主要股指大幅上涨。     

Exchange Rate Pass‐through: The Role of Regime Changes

We consider the effect on the degree of exchange rate pass‐through of the exchange rate regime in operation. We test the hypothesis that pass‐through will be lower under a float as firms may be reluctant to pass appreciations or depreciations on to their customers when there is a strong chance that they will be subsequently reversed. Taylor’s hypothesis that pass‐through will be lower in a low‐inflation environment is also considered. Both hypotheses are assessed in relation to the price of manufactured imports into New Zealand and we find that, whereas the shift to a float dramatically lowered the degree of pass‐through, the later shift to a low‐inflation regime has no significant additional effect on the pass‐through relationship.     

Asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on the demand for money in Africa

In order to account for currency substitution, the exchange rate is included in the demand for money. More recent studies have demonstrated that exchange rate changes could have asymmetric effects on the demand for money or domestic currency. In this paper, we consider the experiences of 18 African countries and show that in most countries, indeed exchange rate changes have short-run asymmetric effects on the demand for money. However, short-run effects translate to long-run asymmetric effects only in a limited number of African countries.     

Why does the peso-dollar exchange rate show a depreciation trend? The role of productivity differentials

Over the last three decades, Mexico's macroeconomic policy has been driven by a sound orthodox strategy: an open economy via many trade agreements signed since the mid-1980s, a nominal exchange rate under a flexible regime since 1994, central bank autonomy, and responsible fiscal policy, among other benchmarks. Nevertheless, the exchange rate has continued on a path of depreciation against the US dollar. In this paper, we show that although an equilibrium relationship exists between the exchange rate and prices in Mexico and the US (its main commercial partner), there are other forces affecting the former. The main factor in this relentless long-term depreciation is the loss of productivity in Mexico relative to the US. In addition, we show that the extraordinary liquidity supplied by the US during the 2008 crisis caused the Mexican peso to appreciate against the dollar.     

Generating Enhanced Fishery Rents by Internalizing Product Quality Characteristics

This paper demonstrates howadditional rents are generated in a fisherycharacterized by intraseasonal variation infish characteristics, including size,condition, and composition. Based on anexpanded conceptual model of the optimalharvest rule, fish characteristics affect preand post harvest production yields and outputprices. A dynamic empirical model, which uses asystem of quality characteristics and anhedonic equation, illustrates the complexrelationships and management choices associatedwith internalizing seafood qualitycharacteristics in a hake fishery. The modelretains the regulated open access managementsystem, but controls intertemporal andintersectoral quotas, production portfolios,and total allowable catch. Results demonstratethat including revenue-side effects frominternalizing fish quality can generatesignificantly greater rents and reduce therelative benefits of increased productionyields. If excluded, bioeconomic models canunderestimate the level of regulatory rentdissipation and overemphasize managementobjectives such as full utilization, whichcould misdirect processing decisions and resultin a suboptimal resource management plan.Implications for data collection,multidisciplinary analysis, and improvements inmarine resource management are discussed.     

计划生育奖励扶助水平差异对生育水平的影响——基于全国30个省区数据的定量分析

采用固定效果模型分析方法,实证考察我国省区层面不同水平的计划生育奖励扶助政策对生育水平(育龄妇女避孕率、计划生育率)的影响效果是否存在差异。农村部分计生家庭奖励金、城镇独生子女父母退休奖励金以及在社会保障、生产扶持、利益分配、扶贫开发等方面优先优惠水平的地区差异性会对育龄妇女避孕率产生明显不同的影响效果,另外,模型估计结果中仅发现在计生家庭参加社会保险方面给予不同力度的优先优惠对计划生育率的作用效果产生了显著差异。生育利益导向政策并非标准越高、项目越多对群众生育行为的影响越大。     

中国固定资产投资的影响因素分析

本文以古典投资理论、加速数理论、预期利润理论以及政治周期理论等相关投资理论为基础,分析了投资活动的决定因素,并结合我国实际建立了一个包括国民产出、利润率、利率和中央政府换届等多个解释变量的多元线性回归模型.本文采用1980-2009年期间中国的固定资产投资总额等相关数据,对各种投资理论假说进行实证检验.回归结果证实了投资与产出之间存在正相关关系,支持投资的加速数假说;估计结果还表明投资与利润率之间存在正相关关系,证实了投资的预期利润假说;但实际利率和中央领导换届这两个解释变量均未通过显著性检验.研究还发现我国的投资富有产出弹性远大于利润率弹性,最后就政府调节投资水平给出相应的政策含义.