公路工程施工项目特殊季节与夜间施工安全控制要点

由于公路工程施工项目多数属于点多线长、露天和连续作业,涉及的人员、材料、机械设备多,技术含量低且需要经常变换工种的施工环境,使得安全风险大,因此,各施工单位必须对夜间和季节性施工安全措施高度重视,针对夜间施工和未来特殊气候环境影响下施工中可能发生的造成人员伤亡、疾病、财产损失、工作环境破坏等危险及紧急情况,采取有针对性的事先预防措施。     

Auditors' Responses to Workload Imbalance and the Impact on Audit Quality*

Using detailed data for fieldwork hours and audit hours by rank from audit engagements in Korea, we examine whether audits conducted under workload imbalance, proxied by busy‐season audits, impair audit quality, and how auditors adjust staff assignments for busy‐season audits. We generally find that busy‐season audits are associated with lower audit quality, and that audit firms reduce the involvement of senior auditors during busy‐season audits. In addition, the greater the involvement of senior auditors and junior auditors, the lesser the deterioration in audit quality. Finally, although there is no increase in interim audits in response to workload imbalance during busy seasons, increasing interim audits can mitigate the negative impact of busy‐season audits on audit quality. Our results are relevant to auditors and regulators, who have expressed concerns about the adverse effects of workload imbalance on audit quality.     

Critical success factors for the sustainability of Kaizen event human resource outcomes: An empirical study

Kaizen events have been widely reported to produce positive change in business results and human resource outcomes. However, sustaining or improving upon the results of a Kaizen event over time can be difficult for many organizations and has received limited empirical research attention to date. This paper identifies the factors that most strongly influence the sustainability of work area employee attitudes and commitment to Kaizen events based on a field study of 65 events in eight manufacturing organizations. The findings also present guidelines for organizations and areas for future research.     

An alternate approach to modeling the slack season provision of guided tours to tourists

We discuss an approach to modeling the slack season provision of guided tours to tourists that accounts for the twin phenomena of stochastic demand and tourist heterogeneity but is different from the way in which this problem has been modeled in the extant tourism literature. Our discussion uses the theory of discrete-time Markov chains and it models the slack season from a tourist demand perspective. Specifically, we first study a case in which the wait plus tour or the excursion time of an arriving tourist is exponentially distributed with a fixed mean. Next, we focus on a scenario in which the excursion time is exponentially distributed with one of two possible fixed means and these two means arise with specific probabilities.     

基于专用性资产视角的供应商信任治理

精益生产中最紧密层供应商为适应总装厂要求进行了大量的专用性资产投资,产生多种机会主义风险,双方通过构建信任机制进行有效的抑制。在构建中除了重视信誉、信息、风险分散、激励与约束这些常规驱动因素外,十分注重资产的专用性投资、供应商技能与规模、双方地位、共同过程分析这些特殊驱动因素。本文在研究这些信任驱动因素的内在作用机理后,建立了供应商信任治理模型。     

精益化物流管理对药品供应仓储能力及药品周转时间的影响

目的探讨精益化物流管理对药品供应仓储能力及药品周转时间的影响。方法回顾性分析2013年8月至2014年7月中山大学附属第三医院粤东医院传统物流管理模式下的药品管理情况,以及2014年8月至2015年7月施行精益化物流管理模式后的药品管理情况。比较分析两种模式下的药品缺货率、仓储能力及药品周转时间情况。结果精益化物流管理下的A、B、C类药品所占实际面积与传统物流管理比较下降19.25%,总量增加9.86%;精益化物流管理下的A、B、C类药品周转率高于传统物流管理,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);精益化物流管理下的A、B、C类药品周转时间短于传统物流管理,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论精益化物流管理模式可显著提升医院药品供应仓储能力,缩短药品周转时间,从而可提升药品管理整体水平,为医院带来效益,为患者提供高质量药品服务。     

The impact of seasonality on tourism and hospitality operations in the alpine region of New South Wales,Australia

Despite the recognized importance of seasonality for tourism businesses, there has been a distinct lack of studies undertaken in the past that discuss the impact of seasonality on alpine accommodation resorts, and more specifically that focus on an Australian location. The main purpose of this study was to examine whether or not the Australian alpine accommodation providers and ski operations have been significantly impacted by the issue of seasonality and to determine more specifically, had there been industry pressure placed on them to become all season operations? For this study, a total of 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of hospitality businesses located in the sub-alpine region of Jindabyne, and nearby alpine areas of Perisher and Thredbo in New South Wales, Australia. Study results indicated that the majority of managers acknowledged the fact that there has been an increase in the number of summer visitors each year which has pressured them to make changes to their operations. They conceded that such activity has served to reinforce a ‘stand alone’ mindset which was still prevalent amongst the majority of the managers in the region.     

蕉源水库汛限水位的研究

蕉源水库现有泄洪设施只有开敞式溢洪道和引水隧洞,为确保水库安全度汛和灌区农田灌溉需要,应合理确定水库汛限水位。本文根据水库洪水成因和防汛要求,对汛限水位确定进行了研究,为蕉源水库度汛调度运行计划的编制提供了依据。     

Making tax and social security decisions: lean and deskilling in the UK Civil Service

Lean working has had a significant impact on the work skills of civil servants. This study examines the impact of lean specifically focusing on ‘decision‐makers’, those civil servants engaged in deciding tax and social security claims. Using qualitative data from trade union members and stewards in two major government departments, this study found significant evidence of deskilling often in the face of dealing with potentially complex legal and factual issues. Using Mashaw's framework of administrative justice, the article argues that management's use of lean was evidence of an accelerated shift to a managerial model of administering tax and benefits where the administrative processes of decision‐making become paramount at the expense of the quality of the decisions made.     

Performance effects of multiple control forms in a Lean organization: A quantitative case study in a systems fit approach

The primary objective of this paper is to research and test how control forms function and perform in a Lean organization. In the present quantitative case study, we provide statistical support that Lean is a set of multiple control forms (output, behavioral, and social controls) that complement each other to enhance performance, i.e., it is a control package. Therefore, performance is increased if the average level of control forms is increased, and performance is further increased if the control forms are balanced at the same level representing a complementary effect between them. Moreover, we provide a refinement to the statistical approach in testing systems fit models like ours by supplementing the Euclidian distance with the city-block distance. In this way, we are able to show that the control forms in Lean have a balanced complementary effect on performance, which is distinct from a solely additive effect or no effect. The refined understanding of complementary effect between control forms, the notion of balance, in a Lean organization can be utilized in understanding and testing more general control package theory in other contexts. Our data are archival data spanning multiple years in a dedicated Lean organization. This Scandinavian organization has around 2000 employees and produces small electronic components that are sold to business customers.