浅议提升地方政府决策力

决策力是地方政府行政能力建设的重要内容,决定着地方治理的成败。本文认识到现行行政决策机制存在的问题,以及提出相应的对策来提升行政决策能力     

Dory & Nemo Early Learning Center

The case requires students to evaluate the current situation and growth options of a small business, Dory & Nemo Early Learning Center (D&N), which provides intergenerational programming to preschool children at a retirement home. The learning center was opened in September 2014, and it was able to make a small profit each year. However, it is projected that there would be a 75 percent decrease in net income from $8,072 in Fiscal 2016 to $1,819 in Fiscal 2017. Davis and Nathans, business partners of D&N, met to discuss the following growth options: (i) Mosaic Retirement Residences' proposal to set up two learning centers at their retirement homes each year for a total of six in three years and (ii) Harmony Retirement Residences' proposal for leasing space to set up learning centers at their retirement homes, one new learning center a year for a total of three in three years. Furthermore, Davis and Nathans had decided to increase the program fee from $320 to $350 per week for the 2017–18 academic session in September. They would also like to reduce their workload from 50 to 40 hours per week, increase their vacation time from two to three weeks, and increase their salaries and bonuses. Students must consider personal objectives of business partners and mission of D&N in the analysis. They learn to identify relevant information for decision making, apply appropriate analytical tools for quantitative analysis, integrate qualitative and quantitative factors in decision making, and make recommendations consistent with analysis.     

宗族文化与企业并购收益

基于2005年全国1%人口调查、2010和2012年“北京大学中国家庭和个人跟踪调查”(CFPS)数据,本文以姓氏集中度代理宗族文化强度,研究并购双方所在地区宗族文化差异对企业并购收益的影响,发现宗族文化差异越大企业并购收益越高.进一步研究表明宗族文化不会显著影响地区内个体的思维方式或价值观念,但宗族的排外性使强宗族文化地区企业掌握了独有的社会关系网络和社会资本,收购强宗族文化地区企业有助于外地企业进入地方社会网络,吸收地方社会资本,增加市场竞争优势.基于这一现象构建投资策略,收益远超市场表现.本文研究结果对构建投资策略、企业并购决策具有价值.     

How local leaders matter: Inter-provincial leadership transfers and land transactions in China

We study how local leaders matter for economic growth by examining the impacts of exogenous transfers of leaders across China’s provinces on land transactions in the primary market. We find that new provincial leaders attract investment in industrial land from the provinces of their previous positions. The leaders’ impacts are greater when their freedom to deploy their business connections in the land market is greater. More importantly, we find evidence of positive impacts of land transactions on economic growth, which should bode well for the careers of the local leaders, albeit there is some evidence of rent seeking among officials especially when they are too old for further promotion.     

工作要求与创新工作行为关系的研究

员工创新工作行为是员工有效完成工作任务和目标,达到组织既定工作标准的有效途径,对组织的生存与发展具有重要作用。本文基于工作要求一工作控制模型与社会交换理论,探讨在中国情号下,工作要求、员工感知的组织支持与创新工作行为的关系。通过296个有效样本,研究结果表明：工作要求与创新工作行为显著正相关;员工感知的组织支持对工作要求与创新工作行为具有正向调节作用,在工作要求压力下,相对于感知到较低组织支持的员工,感知到较高组织支持的员工更容易产生创新工作行为,并基于中国本土文化的角度分析其内在原因。研究告诉企业领导者,提高工作要求可以提高员工创新工作行为,同时要提高员工对组织支持的感知,这样才可能使员工在面临高强度的工作要求时,更积极主动地开展创新工作行为,提高工作效率和工作绩效。     

实施节能减排的地方政府行为研究

在我国由中央政府主导的节能减排模式下,地方政府的经济行为成为影响节能减排成效的关键因素。本文首先构建了理论模型,然后运用聚类分析法和因子分析法,研究地方政府在实施节能减排中的经济行为。研究表明:地方政府节能减排动力和能力不足。在实施节能减排过程中,地方政府主要将工作重点放在经济发展、工业污染治理项目建设、能源消耗、工业三废的治理等方面,对节能减排的投资力度和影响居民生活的方面重视不够。现行财权事权不对称的财政体制和政绩考核机制是地方政府实施节能减排的主要制度性障碍,因此,要建立节能减排的长效机制,必须进行相应的制度改革。     

The economic and environmental performances of rural districts in Italy: Are competitiveness and sustainability compatible targets?

This paper analyses the economic performances of the rural system and the level of land sensitivity to degradation in Italy. Three indicators (district value added, share of agriculture on total product, and a composite index of land sensitivity) were used to classify 784 Italian local districts into eight performance classes. Four classes share a combination of high environmental quality (in terms of land degradation), high (or low) economic performances, and high (or low) productivity of the primary sector. The remaining four are characterised by a combination of low (and declining) environmental quality, high (or low) economic performances, and high (or low) productivity of the primary sector. The eight classes were grouped into four ‘environmental quality’ types and four ‘target performance’ categories to discriminate among high- and low-performance districts by considering twelve additional variables within a Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). 148 high environmental performance districts (18% of total) were identified mainly across the Alps and Apennine while 314 districts (41%) were classified in the lowest performance class and concentrated in flat areas of southern Italy. The districts with high environmental performances were characterised, on average, by medium to low district value added, moderately low economic weight of the primary sector, and tourism specialisation. Districts with high economic performances and low environmental performances were characterised by high sensitivity to LD, low district value added, high share of agriculture in total product, and the lowest productivity of labour in all economic sectors. In these districts the risk of entering a downward spiral of rural poverty and environmental degradation is potentially high.     

消减城乡公共产品供给差异的策略——基于政治支持差异假设的探视

本文认为导致城乡公共产品供给差异的根本原因是地方政府官员根据不同主体能够给予的政治支持做出的理性选择。文章强调了政治支持差异对地方官员行为的影响,并把上级政府、城市居民和农村居民的政治支持纳入一个统一的分析框架,分析了地方官员从不同主体获得的政治支持权重大小顺序,给出了其最优策略的均衡条件。如果要实现基本公共产品均等化目标,则需优化政治支持结构。     

Hub location problems in transportation networks

In this paper we propose a 4-index formulation for the uncapacitated multiple allocation hub location problem tailored for urban transport and liner shipping network design. This formulation is very tight and most of the tractable instances for MIP solvers are optimally solvable at the root node. While the existing state-of-the-art MIP solvers fail to solve even small size instances of problem, our accelerated and efficient primal (Benders) decomposition solves larger ones. In addition, a very efficient greedy heuristic, proven to be capable of obtaining high quality solutions, is proposed. We also introduce fixed cost values for Australian Post (AP) dataset.     

吉林省地方政府绩效评价体系的构建

吉林省地方政府绩效评价从无到有、从经验践行到体系的探索历程,虽然取得了极大成就,但是仍然存在着参与评价的主体集中在主要领导部门和部门主要领导手中,绩效评价的主体参与的激励机制不完善,评价依据不合理,推动绩效评价的制度供给不足等主要问题。针对其问题产生的原因,必须构建主体多元化参与的绩效评价体系,强化绩效评价的制度建设,建立公开透明的信息沟通渠道,合理利用评价结果完善激励机制,建构经济绩效、政治绩效和社会绩效相统一的绩效目标体系,以促进地方政府绩效评价水平的提升。