行为审计收益与成本属性的研究

成本理论是经济学的基本理论之一,该理论认为,在资源稀缺的条件下,经济活动追求的是利润最大化,这就要求收益最大,成本最低。通过审计绩效最优化对审计成本收益的配比进行分析,认为要树立正确的行为审计收益成本观,必须平衡追求业绩和成本的关系。正确的行为审计收益成本观就是在实施行为审计合规性与有效性的基础之上,以最小的行为审计成本追求最大的行为审计收益。通过审计收益成本模型建立的研究,将行为审计收益融入成本管理,确保行为审计绩效的最大化。     

威廉姆森交易费用理论述评

通过对威廉姆森关于交易费用的界定、合同人的假设、交易维度及契约类型和治理结构等内容介绍和评价,并且概括了威廉姆森关于交易费用理论应用范围和领域,旨在客观地评价威廉姆森关于交易费用理论的学术贡献及其理论渊源及实质。     

Trade Structure and Trade liberalization: The emerging pattern between the EU and Transition Economies

The purpose of this study is to find empirical evidence for the assumption that trade liberalization unlocks the potential of the Transition Economies (TEs) to achieve technological upgrading, productivity progress and catching-up (in terms of income). The study examines the trade structure now emerging between the European Union (EU) and the TEs in the light of two sets of differently liberalized trade items identified by the European Agreements. The aim is to determine whether trade liberalization has helped to supersede the structures – reflected mainly in the low quality of products – inherited by the TEs from the command economy. The empirical results are interpreted in the light of the Flam-Helpman quality-cycle model. We find evidence of an ongoing division of labor between high quality products (EU) and low quality products (TEs) according to a cycle. The first stage comprises the already well established dominance of quality advantage products by EU countries producing and exporting high-quality products, which crowd out the TEs' production of similar products. The second stage is the exploitation of cost-advantages by TEs in less liberalized trade, and there they appear to achieve better results. All these results may be taken as support for an active government in TEs.     

供应链构建的机制分析

介绍了供应链的概念，交易成本经济学的基本理论，并把二者结合从经济学的角度分析了供应链构建的经济学机理，为供应链理论的发展提供了一个新的研究方向。     

劳动力成本与利润差异对制造业升级的影响研究

引入单位劳动力成本和人均利润,考量劳动力成本与利润影响制造业升级的效应。结果表明：样本期间内虽然劳动力成本快速上涨,但劳动生产率增速更快,制造业整体单位劳动力成本没有上升,且有小幅下降,劳动密集型制造业仍有一定综合成本优势,但其人均利润低于制造业整体水平,比重总体下降,发展后劲不足,须转型升级;资本密集型虽然利润率相对较低,但人均利润为最高,比重不断上升,仍应是当前发展的重点;技术密集型比较优势不明显,急需突破核心技术,提高综合国际竞争力。     

Examination of Multiple Criteria in Health Technology Assessment for Application to Instrumental Analysis

Abstract:

The instrumental-ceremonial dichotomy is the analytical concern emphasized in instrumental analysis by original institutional economists for making welfare decisions. Paul Dale Bush and Wolfram Elsner explained that warranted criteria are required in order to conduct instrumental analysis. The concern for criteria led to an examination of multiple criteria decision analysis in health technology assessment in order to improve instrumental analysis. Health technology assessment (HTA) is one of the most active and extensive areas of analysis for policy making because medical technology changes very rapidly, expenditures on it are high and growing, it can harm as well as help, and there is intense personal concern by citizens who want wellness. Although HTA, especially with regard to the analysis of multiple criteria, has made considerable progress, its appraisal has been a disappointment. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to critique aspects of multiple criteria HTA in order to further develop instrumental analysis.     

The effect of sporting success and management failure on attendance demand in the Bundesliga: a revealed and stated preference travel cost approach

This study examines the private consumption benefits of sports attendance using revealed and stated preference data from 28 Football Bundesliga teams across three divisions. Survey respondents were presented with positive (sporting success) and negative (management failure) scenarios and asked for the number of game trips if each scenario occurred. The results of a pooled random effects Poisson model show that travel costs and ticket price have a significant negative effect on the number of home game trips. The weighted consumer surplus per game trip including travel costs and ticket prices is €345. Consumer surplus per game trip was found to change by €41 (first division) and €98 (second and third division) if the positive scenario occurred and by €39 if the negative scenario occurred.     

浅谈铁路基层车务段汽车管理及费用控制

目前铁路基层车务段管理范围日趋扩大,较大的车务段甚至包括特等站、编组站等在内的大小几十余个站,点多线长的特点势必使与生产密切相关的汽车费用大幅上涨,因此也对车务段汽车管理及费用控制提出了更高的要求,针对目前汽车管理的现状及难点,深入分析,查找控制汽车费用的关键因素,提出了可行的费用控制方案,取得较好的控制效果。     

基于成本补偿的水权定价模型研究

为缓解水资源短缺危机,我国开始尝试水权交易,但在交易中存在价格扭曲的现象,挫伤农民节水积极性。因此,解决水权交易中的价格问题意义重大。结合我国水权和水权交易性质,提出水权定价的原则,分析水权交易涉及的各种成本,主要包括工程成本、风险补偿成本、生态补偿成本和经济补偿成本。在此基础上,采用完全成本法进行水权定价,并且区分水权交易期限不大于节(输)水工程的使用寿命与交易期限大于节(输)水工程的使用寿命两种情况讨论,给出水权定价模型。为水权交易中的价格制定提供理论基础和方法,有利于水权市场的完善和水资源的高效利用。     

Employment protection and productivity: evidence from firm-level panel data in Japan

Recent developments in the literature on Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) have revealed that changing the stringency of employment protection can lead to extensive consequences outside the labour market, by affecting firms’ production decisions or workers’ commitment levels. This article provides the first empirical evaluation of the comprehensive effect of restrictions on firing employees in Japan, by exploiting the variations in court decisions. We find that judgements lenient to workers significantly reduce firms’ total-factor productivity growth rate. The effect on capital is mixed and inconclusive, although we obtain modest evidence that an increase in firing costs induces a negative scale effect on capital inputs.