银行融资稳定性降低了信贷顺周期性吗

本文构建理论模型分析了银行融资稳定性对信贷周期性的影响,发现提升融资稳定性可以降低信贷顺周期性。在此基础上,应用我国166家商业银行2004-2016年的年度非平衡面板数据进行实证检验,结果显示:(1)我国商业银行信贷周期性特征在不同时段存在差异,在2010年之前(后)呈现逆(顺)周期特征;(2)提升融资稳定性可以降低(增强)银行信贷的顺(逆)周期性。进一步研究发现:(3)我国商业银行融资成本具有逆周期性,提升融资稳定性可以降低银行融资成本的逆周期性;(4)对于资本充足率较低的银行而言,稳定融资对其信贷顺周期性的削弱效应更明显。本研究支持将"存款立行"作为微观审慎监管和宏观审慎监管的有效结合点,对于加强微观与宏观审慎监管制度的协调与配合具有一定的启示意义。     

Catch-Up and Leapfrogging: Emerging Economy Multinational Enterprises on the Global Stage

Abstract

Over the past decade, emerging economy (EE) multinational enterprises (MNEs), especially from China, have been aggressively catching up with global leaders, often by acquiring companies in advanced economies. This raises the question if and how theories of the MNE should be adjusted. I argue that the nature of their firm-specific advantages differs and, as a consequence, their motives, strategies, and operations. Also the institutional and policy environment is more complex. Yet, the phenomenon of EE MNEs can largely be explained through appropriate application of existing theories. However, important research questions remain with respect to the implementation of catch-up strategies, the role of the policy environment, and the performance implications.     

Retailing under resale price maintenance: Economies of scale and scope,and firm strategic response,in the inter-war British retail pharmacy sector

The article examines the impact of resale price maintenance (RPM) on market structure, productivity, and competitive advantage in British retail pharmacy. In contrast to influential studies, but consistent with contemporary and recent work, it is shown that the major multiples were able to ameliorate the negative growth impacts of RPM. Higher profit margins ? principally from larger manufacturer discounts and backward integration – were used to fund initiatives aimed at boosting aggregate sales and economies of scale and scope. These relationships are explored using a recently discovered national establishment-level survey of retail pharmacists’ costs and margins, together with internal data for Boots Ltd.     

Choice of the empirical definition of zero in the translog multiproduct cost functional form

The translog cost function is valuable to researchers for empirical analysis in themodelling of indirect cost and profit functions. A flaw of the functional form is in themodelling of zero output values. This study examined the impacts of empirical definition of zero output values on price elasticities, economies of scope and scale, using the translog cost function. Estimation of a system of cost and factor share equations with regularity condition imposed was conducted. Results show that the choice of default values affects policy recommendations.     

Multiproduct Outputs and Scale Economies in Electric Power Production: Some New Estimates

The present study offers an argument, through a technical exposition, which suggests that there are cost differences inherent in serving different types of buyers in the electric utilities industry. To this end, we employ a translog joint cost function (for electricity production) with three outputs, which allows for the examination of the cost differences between wholesale and retail trade for vertically integrated, investor-owned companies in the industry. The regression estimates suggest different costs at the means, however the estimated marginal cost curve for wholesale power is not as robust as those for low-voltage and industrial power.     

当前我国宏观经济形势与财政政策分析

在全球金融危机的影响下,2008年第三季度,我国经济运行出现了一系列新的情况。为此,现阶段经济宏观调控和财政政策运行的核心方案是:构建适度宽松的货币政策和积极财政政策搭配的总体框架,货币政策通过对流动性和投资需求实施调控以减轻企业负担,提高企业和市场的自我调整能力;财政政策着力对经济社会发展中的深层次矛盾予以克服和解决,对外参与全球联合行动,实现政策协同,对内科学分析和控制矛盾,推行审慎微调。在财政收入增幅大幅度下降的背景下,及时研究发行国债等扩大内需相关政策预案。     

Estimating product‐specific and multiproduct economies of scale with data envelopment analysis

Nonparametric cost frontier estimation and subsequent analysis of the relative efficiency of firms has historically been conducted without critically examining the shape of the cost frontier. The shape of the cost frontier has been examined using additional parametric estimation methods to recover potential cost savings from multiproduct and product‐specific economies of scale. This paper presents and tests an approach to estimate multiproduct and product‐specific economies of scale using data envelopment analysis. Data for the study are simulated assuming an underlying production technology. Nonparametric estimates of efficiency, multiproduct scale, product specific scale, and scope economies are compared to those of the assumed production technology. Results show that the nonparametric approach accurately estimates multiproduct economies of scale and product‐specific economies of scale under alternative inefficiency distributional assumptions.     

上海宏观税负的实征分析

上海是我国经济最为发达的地区之一,其宏观税负有不同于其他地区的特征。本文通过描述上海地区宏观税负现状,实证分析了影响宏观税负的因素,提出了优化上海宏观税负的政策建议。     

Are European banks too big? Evidence on economies of scale

In light of the policy debate on too-big-to-fail we investigate evidence of economies of scale for 103 European listed banks over 2000–2011. Using the Stochastic Frontier Approach, the results show that economies of scale are widespread across different size classes of banks and are especially large for the biggest banks. At the country level, banks operating in the smallest financial systems and the countries most affected by the financial crises realize the lowest scale economies (including diseconomies) due to the reduction in production capacity. As for the determinants of scale economies, these mainly emanate from banks oriented toward investment banking, with higher liquidity, lower Tier 1 capital, those that contributed less to systemic risk during the crises, and those with too-big-to-fail status.     

Cost reductions or reputation enhancement as motives for mergers: The logic of multihospital systems

This paper examines two motives for the formation of local multihospital systems: cost reduction and reputation enhancement. Systems may reduce costs by eliminating redundancies and reducing administrative costs. Integration may also lower costs for consumers seeking consistently high qualiiy. We hypothesize that if systems achieve either cost or reputation benefits, then member hospitals will ‘look’ different from random collections of hospitals. We find that local systems do not appear to have lower costs but do appear to enjoy reputation benefits over nonsystem hospitals. Our findings challenge the assumptions behind popular health reform initiatives.