Civil conflict and secessions

This paper studies secessions as the outcome of conflict between regions. We study under what conditions regions will divert costly resources to fight each other over political borders. We derive the probability of secession and the amount of resources diverted to separatist conflict, and show how those variables depend on factors such as heterogeneity costs, economies of scale, relative size, and external threats. We also model civil conflict over types of government, after borders have been determined, and study how this political conflict affects the incentives to secede. This paper has been written in memory of Herschel Grossman, and owes much to his inspiration. I am grateful to Michelle Garfinkel and David Weil, who co-organized a conference in Herschel’s honor at Brown in April 2006, for their encouragement. I thank Michelle Garfinkel and an anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions. The usual disclaimer applies.     

Retailing under resale price maintenance: Economies of scale and scope,and firm strategic response,in the inter-war British retail pharmacy sector

The article examines the impact of resale price maintenance (RPM) on market structure, productivity, and competitive advantage in British retail pharmacy. In contrast to influential studies, but consistent with contemporary and recent work, it is shown that the major multiples were able to ameliorate the negative growth impacts of RPM. Higher profit margins ? principally from larger manufacturer discounts and backward integration – were used to fund initiatives aimed at boosting aggregate sales and economies of scale and scope. These relationships are explored using a recently discovered national establishment-level survey of retail pharmacists’ costs and margins, together with internal data for Boots Ltd.     

我国企业对外投资绩效的动态特征——以国有大型企业为例的实证分析

本文通过对我国100家国有大型企业的实证分析,揭示了我国企业对外直接投资绩效的动态特征,主要包括:(1)对外投资活动对企业海外经营业绩的改善存在"门槛"效应,只有当企业境外资产存量达到某一临界点之后,企业才能从对外投资中获得正的绩效改善;(2)对外投资活动对企业的规模经济状态存在非线性影响,只有当企业的境外资产存量达到其资产总额的某一临界比率之后,对外投资才会比本土投资更具规模经济性。这表明,企业要获得国际化的成功,必须事先积累起海外扩张的核心能力并做好风险准备;国家对企业"走出去"的政策扶持,应当向处于国际化初级阶段的企业倾斜。     

战略性贸易政策:发达国家与发展中国家的博弈

作为新贸易理论的主要内容之一,战略性贸易政策实质上是发达国家为自己的保护主义所寻求的借口和托词。它虽然在产业适用性和国家适用性方面设置了诸多限制,但印度软件业的发展是该政策得以在发展中国家成功实施的良好佐证。我国应该在市场培育、制度建设以及贸易政策与产业政策协调配合等方面进行强化,以利用战略性贸易政策来培育我国具有国际竞争力的产业。     

Estimating product‐specific and multiproduct economies of scale with data envelopment analysis

Nonparametric cost frontier estimation and subsequent analysis of the relative efficiency of firms has historically been conducted without critically examining the shape of the cost frontier. The shape of the cost frontier has been examined using additional parametric estimation methods to recover potential cost savings from multiproduct and product‐specific economies of scale. This paper presents and tests an approach to estimate multiproduct and product‐specific economies of scale using data envelopment analysis. Data for the study are simulated assuming an underlying production technology. Nonparametric estimates of efficiency, multiproduct scale, product specific scale, and scope economies are compared to those of the assumed production technology. Results show that the nonparametric approach accurately estimates multiproduct economies of scale and product‐specific economies of scale under alternative inefficiency distributional assumptions.     

世界各国宏观审慎政策框架模式研究

2008年金融危机后,为有效应对金融体系的系统性风险,各国均根据各自的国情构建宏观审慎政策制度框架。借鉴他国的政策经验,对于增强我国的宏观审慎管理能力有着现实的意义。本文在总结归纳个世界各主要国家宏观审慎政策制度框架发展趋势、特点以及补偿机制的基础上,得出对我国宏观审慎管理的启示并提出相应建议。     

农村建设小康社会的实现途径——学习党的十六大报告的体会

十六大报告是指引中国人民实现社会主义现代化第三步战略目标的行动纲领 ,提出了全面建设小康社会的主题。 2 0 2 0年能否顺利进入小康社会的关键在于如何尽快优化二元结构 ,推动农村经济的发展 ,解决“三农”问题。对农村生产方式进行革命性的变革是解决“三农”问题的根本途径 ,要加快农村城镇化 ,促进农村剩余劳动力的转移。     

The 'paradox' of F. Graham (1890-1949): a study in the theory of international trade

The aim of this paper is to investigate the origins of the protection argument based on increasing and decreasing returns to scale. The development of this theoretical framework is outlined in order to argue that F. Graham's demonstration consists of a synthesis of previous work. We then discuss the debate that took place in the 1930s, which ended with the rejection of Graham's argument as being a paradox or a theoretical curiosity.     

生产性服务业集聚推进城市化了吗？

本文在外部性和新经济地理综合框架下研究中国284个地级市生产性服务业集聚对城市化的影响。结果显示,生产性服务业专业化和多样化集聚对城市化具有显著的技术溢出效应,且专业化集聚作用效果更明显;而生产性服务业空间集聚规模则通过市场外部性作用于城市化。生产性服务业专业化集聚对西部地区影响大于东、中部,而多样化集聚和空间集聚规模的作用由东向西依次递减;国内市场、国际市场亦对各地区生产性服务业集聚效应产生不同程度的影响     

Human resource management practices in Nigeria: challenges and insights

This paper generated current knowledge on aspects of human resource management practices in Nigeria from a sample of 185 human resource management professionals employed in over ninety-six corporations located in three major cities in Nigeria. Furthermore, the convergence/divergence/cross-vergence perspective was utilized to provide theoretical insights on the human resource management practices. The findings support a cross-vergence perspective as evidenced by the blend of human resource management practices reflecting both generalized or standardized practices and localized practices. Implications and direction for further studies are discussed.