The institutional embeddedness of local inter-firm networks: a leverage for business creation

There is an increasing concern for the notion of ‘embeddedness’ of economic activity; yet the conceptualization of the concept and its operationalization remain underdeveloped. First, embeddedness may concern, on the one hand, the structure of relations that tie economic actors together (structural embeddedness) and, on the other hand, the social strands supplementing economic strands in each relation (substantive embeddedness). In this paper, a network framework is outlined which proposes several layers or ‘orders’ of embeddedness. Focusing on small firms, the point of departure is individual exchange relationships as personal ties combining economic and social concerns. First-order embeddedness concerns the localized business networks created by combining these dyadic relations. Second-order embeddedness is achieved when considering also the memberships of business persons in economic and social local institutions while third-order embeddedness concerns the special cases where these institutions bridge gaps between firms. The network model is operationalized and applied to a small Swedish industrial (furniture) community, its firms and economic/social institutions. The findings generally support the applicability of the model and demonstrate the supplementarity of different layers/orders of embeddedness. Further research challenges are deduced and implications for practitioners are provided.     

我国临空经济区产业规划与发展刍议——以南京临空经济区为例

临空经济区是区域经济发展到一定程度的产物。在经济全球化和知识经济时代,发展临空经济已经成为越来越多的国家和地区进行全球资源配置的战略选择。本文从分析国内外临空经济区发展的基本特征入手,结合南京临空经济区实际,从多角度提出了南京临空经济区产业发展的战略规划和运行保障机制。     

基于成本差异的最佳贸易与产业政策选择

本文讨论了存在成本差异的第三国市场模型的最佳贸易与产业政策选择问题,讨论了社会成本和私人成本、本国和外国成本差异情况下的Cournot竞争和Bertrand竞争的情况。本文发现,在Cournot竞争下,政府首先行动时,当政府基金影子价格低于4／3时,政府对出口进行补贴,并且本国越有成本优势,补贴越高,补贴的利润转移效应越大;当政府基金影子价格高于4／3时,政府对出口征收出口税,且本国越有成本优势,征税越多。在Bertrand竞争下,当政府先行动时,对出口征收出口税;当政府后行动时,对出口进行补贴。当本国企业具有劣势时,事后补贴是最佳政蓑。     

长三角地区居民消费结构及水平的统计分析

应用因子分析和聚类分析的方法,对2006年长三角16座城市居民的消费结构、消费水平进行分析和比较。结果表明,长三角16城市在居民可持续消费能力上存在差距,在居民消费结构和消费水平上可分为五类,其中上海、杭州的消费水平最高。文章还对如何提高居民消费水平,促进经济协调发展提出了对策。     

基于轴辐式系统的都市圈城际快递网络规划研究

分析了目前都市圈内快递企业的现状以及轴辐式系统的应用研究情况,根据都市圈内枢纽城市的地理分布特征,提出了两种轴辐式都市圈城际快递网络规划理论模型,旨在实现城际快递资源整合的基础上提高都市圈城际快递的运作效率,降低物流成本,减轻城市交通压力,并在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

Multi-criteria analysis of economic complexity transition in emerging economies: The case of Paraguay

Like many emerging economies, the productive structure of the Paraguayan economy is not complex. It relies extensively on low value-added activities in the primary sector such as agriculture and cattle ranching. These activities have a lower return in terms of economic and social benefits than other potential productive activities and do not contribute to increasing capability accumulation. In this paper we present a tool to support the identification of strategic sectors and products which if taken advantage of, could leverage development through the accumulation of productive capabilities. Our guiding question is: Which productive sectors should be promoted to foster economic development in Paraguay through a transition towards a more complex economy? To answer this question, we use concepts from the Economic Complexity theory to identify new products and cluster them based on the Product Space methodology for the determination of potential products and combine it with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for multicriteria analysis considering multiple criteria. In doing so, our proposed methodology contributes to both the Economic Complexity and the AHP literature. Through this combination, we tackle the multiplicity of juxtaposed criteria, which should be considered at the prioritization stage in the crafting of economic restructuring measures according to the country's capabilities. Our evaluation showed that the combination of the approaches is useful, and for Paraguay's case, it helped identify sectors, which, if promoted by policymakers, could help boost economic development through complexity and capability accumulation.     

Conceptualizing and measuring “industry resilience”: Composite indicators for postshock industrial policy decision-making

Can resilience be a relevant concept for industrial policy? Resilience is usually described as the ability of a socioeconomic system to recover from unexpected shocks. While this concept has caught the attention of regional economics researchers seeking to understand the different patterns behind regional recovery after a disruption, it is increasingly recognized that resilience can have policy-relevant conceptual applications in many other regards. In this paper, we apply it to industries and define the “industry resilience” concept and measurements. Our contribution is twofold. Theoretically, we frame industry resilience as a useful conceptual framework for policy-making to support the selection of industrial policy targets that are more capable of recovering after unexpected shocks. In addition, industry resilience can mitigate government failures by supporting decision-makers in promoting both economically and socially sustainable structural change. Methodologically, building on post-2008 U.S. data, we develop two composite indicators (CIs) to separately analyze quantitative and qualitative postshock variations in sectoral employment. Such CIs support policy-makers in visualizing sectoral performances dynamically and multidimensionally and can be used to compare each sector both to other sectors and to its counterfactual. Our results highlight that sectors react heterogeneously to shocks. This points to the relevance of tailoring vertical industrial policies according to sector features and the aims of industrial policy initiatives.     

我国环保产业研究现状及尚需探讨的几个问题

本文在总结目前我国环保产业研究现状的基础上,认为中国环保产业的要想得到理论研究的指导,就不能回避对几个问题进行深入的探讨,即当前我国环保产业内涵的界定;环保产业的价值和评价体系;我国环保产业发展的特有规律;中国加入WTO对我国的环保产业的影响。     

区域战略性新兴产业核心竞争力的识别与培育——以天津市新能源产业为例

对区域战略性新兴产业核心竞争力的正确识别和培育,直接关系到该产业未来发展的战略地位,关系到区域经济的走势。从新兴产业形成和发展的视角,揭示出区域战略性新兴产业核心竞争力的关键影响因素,勾画出其识别模式,并以天津市新能源产业为例进行了实例剖析,提出了相应培育措施。     

基于文献计量的我国创新驱动研究述评

基于中国期刊全文数据库和国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库,运用文献计量方法,对848篇创新驱动研究论文的研究特征和主题内容进行了总结分析,揭示了该主题领域的期刊与学科分布、核心作者群以及机构和区域分布。从研究主题来看,国内创新驱动理论成果划分为国家层面的宏观研究、产业和区域层面的中观研究、企业层面的微观研究3个层次。最后进行研究展望,认为创新驱动产业升级和经济发展的机理仍将是创新驱动系统的研究重点,基础研究和商业模式创新的驱动作用是重要衍生问题,科技金融和知识产权则是探讨的分域热点,创新驱动的绿色化和民主化将成为研究新趋向。