企业ESG表现改善的技术创新促进效应研究

ESG表现的改善不仅能够显著提升企业形象,而且对企业可持续发展具有多重积极影响,包括融资约束缓解效应、代理成本减少笑效应、内部控制优化效应等,而这些积极效应又将促进企业的技术创新。采用沪深A股上市公司2011—2020年数据的分析发现：ESG表现的改善能够显著促进企业技术创新,且其中存在缓解融资约束、降低代理成本、优化内部控制等影响路径;ESG表现改善的技术创新促进效应因企业特征的不同而具有异质性,非国有企业比国有企业、重污染企业比非重污染企业更强,成长期和成熟期企业比初创期和衰退期企业更为显著;市场化程度对ESG表现改善的技术创新促进效应具有负向调节作用,在市场化水平较低、政府对市场干预程度较高、产品市场发育程度较低的地区企业ESG表现改善的技术创新促进效应较强。因此,一方面,应加快构建和完善中国特色ESG体系,推动企业积极实施ESG战略以及ESG信息披露数量和质量的提升;另一方面,应对不同类型、不同地区企业的ESG表现提出差异化要求,在强化外部监督的同时激励和支持各类企业的ESG投资。     

Models for stock returns

Historically, the normal variance model has been used to describe stock return distributions. This model is based on taking the conditional stock return distribution to be normal with its variance itself being a random variable. The form of the actual stock return distribution will depend on the distribution for the variance. In practice, the distributions chosen for the variance appear to be very limited. In this note, we derive a comprehensive collection of formulas for the actual stock return distribution, covering some sixteen flexible families. The corresponding estimation procedures are derived by the method of moments and the method of maximum likelihood. We feel that this work could serve as a useful reference and lead to improved modelling with respect to stock market returns.     

企业ESG绩效会影响商业信用融资吗？——基于信息传递与治理赋能视角

基于2007—2021年沪深两市A股上市公司数据,探讨ESG绩效对商业信用融资的影响及作用机制。研究发现：ESG绩效提升了企业商业信用融资能力;机制检验发现,ESG绩效提高了信息传递效率和公司治理水平,从而影响商业信用融资;区分样本发现,ESG绩效对商业信用融资的影响在低竞争地位、非污染性行业、东部地区和环保法实施后的样本中更为显著。以上研究结论为企业进行ESG实践,提升商业信用融资水平提供了经验借鉴。     

三氯化铝改性硅藻土处理水溶性印染废水

对以水溶性染料为主的废水,用三氯化铝改性的硅藻土进行了脱色和去除CODcr的实验研究结果表明,用三氯化铝改性的硅藻土投加量为0.8 g/L,控制pH在7.0～8.0范围内,搅拌转速在200～260r/min范围内,搅拌15 min沉淀90 min后,则色度和CODcr去除率分别达到98%和92%以上,出水色度和CODcr达到了《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 4287—92)一级排放标准。     

A dynamic mechanism and surplus extraction under ambiguity

We study the question of auction design in an IPV setting characterized by ambiguity. We assume that the preferences of agents exhibit ambiguity aversion; in particular, they are represented by the epsilon-contamination model. We show that a simple variation of a discrete Dutch auction can extract almost all surplus. This contrasts with optimal auctions under IPV without ambiguity as well as with optimal static auctions with ambiguity—in all of these, types other than the lowest participating type obtain a positive surplus. An important point of departure is that the modified Dutch mechanism is dynamic rather than static, establishing that under ambiguity aversion—even when the setting is IPV in all other respects—a dynamic mechanism can have additional bite over its static counterparts. A further general insight is that the standard revelation principle does not automatically extend to environments not characterized by subjective expected utility.     

企业ESG 履责的绿色生产力效应研究——基于绿色技术创新视角

论文选取2011-2020 年沪深A 股上市公司为研究样本,基于绿色技术创新视角,实证研究了企业ESG 履责的绿色生产力效应。研究发现,ESG 履责显著促进了企业绿色技术创新水平;机制检验发现,企业ESG 履责主要通过缓解财务约束,提升企业声誉,以及提高企业信息披露质量,促进绿色技术创新水平的提升;进一步基于“宏观——中观——微观”的多维异质性检验显示,当企业所处环境规制压力较高、所在行业竞争压力较大、以及企业人力资源基础较好时,ESG 对绿色技术创新的促进效应更为凸显。论文研究对新形势下构建绿色生产力体系、助力实现新质生产力发展提供有益启示。     

The impact of material and immaterial sustainability on firm performance: The moderating role of franchising strategy

CSR and sustainability engagement is growing rapidly with ever-increasing attention. Accordingly, restaurant stakeholders now demand restaurant companies to disclose relevant ESG information (i.e., materiality) to analyze risks and opportunities that ESG factors bring to firms over the long term. As established in stakeholder theory, restaurant materiality is shaped by a firm's key stakeholders and also by the industry's distinguishing factor, franchising. However, despite their importance and timeliness, materiality and franchising remain largely absent from scholarly discussion in the field of tourism and hospitality. Using a novel industry-specific materiality classification of sustainability initiatives, here we show that franchising positively moderates the impact of investing in immaterial sustainability on firm performance. The results provide early empirical validation of stakeholder theory in relation to restaurant materiality and franchising, and show the impact of allocating a firm's resources to material and immaterial sustainability issues on firm performance in the restaurant context.     

Measuring sustainability risks: A rational myth?

The objective of this paper is to investigate the rigorousness and reliability of sustainability rating agencies' evaluation of corporate sustainability risks. Using grounded theory, this study conducts a qualitative analysis of 32 semi‐structured interviews with practitioners involved in this activity and shows the trade‐offs and rational myths underlying this evaluation process. The image of rationality and rigorousness projected by sustainability risk measurements is mostly intended to address the increasing institutional pressures for reliable and comparable information, particularly from institutional investors and socially responsible investment decision makers. Nevertheless, risk analysts face serious challenges due to the lack of reliable information, the unpredictability of sustainability risks, the methodological issues related to the measurement process, and the complexity and context‐dependency of risk assessment. These challenges call into question the official and optimistic rhetoric of rating agencies. This study contributes to the literature on sustainability risks and rational myths in organizations. Managerial implications and avenues for future research are also discussed.     

Toward sustainable corporate behavior: The effect of the critical mass of female directors on environmental,social, and governance disclosure

Boards of directors have recently become more attentive to their stakeholders' concerns, providing more transparent information and adopting more sustainable business strategies. This study investigates the influence of a critical mass of women on boards on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure score and its three components separately. Using a sample of the FTSE-MIB listed companies in the 2005–2017 period, we show that reaching a critical mass of female board members—going from one or two women to at least three—enhances the level of ESG disclosure. The results also show that the critical mass of female board members has a positive influence on every component of the ESG score, with the highest contribution of women reaching the governance score. These findings provide insights to shareholders and policymakers and suggest that a critical mass of female board members is particularly effective in improving transparency, and it can be seen as a mechanism to transit to stakeholder governance, fostering more sustainable behavior in firms.     

变性淀粉在烘焙食品中的应用探究

淀粉作为一种天然资源,其在烘焙食品中的应用极为普遍,由于淀粉本身具有吸水膨胀等特性,可以增加烘焙食品的含水量。但是,由于原生态淀粉口感差、稳定性差,在很多烘焙食品中,逐步加大了对变性淀粉的利用,变性淀粉的应用有利于提高烘焙食品的制作口感。基于此,本文分析了变性淀粉在烘焙食品中的具体应用,以促进食品行业的发展。