REACH法规注册豁免条款的解读

文章对REACH法规附件V进行了解读，以帮助企业深入理解REACH法规的豁免条款，避免不必要的注册。     

城市本土文化的发掘与发扬对城市发展的促进作用

全球化是人类社会发展的必然,在全球化过程中,城市受到巨大的冲击.全球化背景下城市的发展存在趋同与求异两种趋势,并且两种趋势并重.世界潮流,浩浩荡荡,顺之才昌,我们只有趋同,才能更好融入世界,才能获得更快发展;同样越是自然的才越是人类的,越是民族的才越是世界的,我们只有求异,才能在发展过程中不迷失自我,不盲目随从,才能获得更好发展.在具有五千年辉煌灿烂的文明史的泱泱大国,雄厚的文化底蕴是我们最大的瑰宝,充分挖掘城市的本土文化,将之应用到城市发展规划中去,指导城市发展,是我们义不客辞的责任.我国有众多历史文化名城保护不善,或年久失修,或因为建设性破坏而面目全非,失去了其"历史真实性、生活真实性、风貌完整性",亟待整治.只有充分挖掘文化内涵、保持优良传统,达到历史与现代的完美融合,才是城市的最佳发展.     

Forest transition in Northern Spain: Local responses on large-scale programmes of field-afforestation

Public field-afforestation schemes have been designed and widely implemented as a measure to alleviate uneven distribution, generate economic growth in rural areas and maintain or improve natural resources. The literature on forest management and planning has improved land-related information systems, allowing policy-makers to design and implement future policies on the allocation of forestland uses, and to forecast the land requirements of the target population more closely. The aim of this article is to empirically examine and validate the temporal and spatial land use changes and the socioeconomic effects linked to field-afforestation on private lands in the province of Lugo (Galicia, Northern Spain) at the municipal, parish and individual farm holding levels. Two main top-down field-afforestation programmes are reviewed in the study area: the national programme of public afforestations started with the implementation of Ley de Patrimonio Forestal del Estado (National Forest Estate Act; NFE) from 1941 to 2000, and the European aid scheme for forestry measures established under European Council Regulation No. 2080/1992 from 1993 to 1997. The results of a survey, targeted at 1355 farmers and conducted through questionnaires in the province of Lugo in 2004, complete the analysis of public intervention in forest management. The results indicate that the specific social, economic and environmental context of an agricultural and forestry area involves a differential heritage of land customs that determines a differential response model to forest programmes of land allocation and planning. Therefore, this must not be underestimated by the quantitative or qualitative general objectives of large-scale policies.     

利用AHP构建科技价值体系综合评价系统

本文针对科技价值难以管理的问题,利用VM/VE的方法构建科技价值体系,以通过价值对科技项目进行管理。     

西部人才开发模型及战略分析

知识经济中人才是最重要的资源.西部大开发处在知识经济迅猛发展的历史阶段,人才开发对西部经济发展具有十分重大的战略意义.西部人才开发的核心是人才体制的创新.构建优良的人才环境系统是西部人才开发的目标.只有这样,我国才有可能完成西部大开发的历史重任.     

一种新型数字预失真算法的设计

针对WCDMA系统中功率放大器的非线性特征,设计了一种基于Volterra级数的有记忆数字基带预失真算法,能够自适应地补偿功放的非线性.理论分析和计算机仿真验证了该算法的有效性和实用性.     

全球价值链条件下的制造业集群危机：浙江个案

基于全球价值链分工的浙江制造业集群的危机主要表现在四个方面。即:全球价值链的空间分化中成本优势的丧失和资源的匮乏、增值链的非均衡造成的对外部联系的过度依赖、全球价值链治理的集群升级困难、发达国家贸易壁垒的限制。在参与全球价值链分工的同时,应及时规避集群风险,促进经济又好又快发展。     

关于第四方电子商务模式研究

电子商务模式是电子商务应用的关键问题,本文从电子商务网站控制者角度出发,对电子商务模式进行研究,在已有成果分析总结基础上,提出了一类基于价值网的第四方电子商务模式,研究了第四方电子商务模式产生原因,及对中企业电子商务应用的影响,同时指出了电子商务模式发展的趋势。     

Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease and acid-related conditions: trends in incidence of diagnosis and acid suppression therapy

Abstract

Objective: To describe the incidence of diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease and acid-related conditions (GERD/ARC) throughout childhood and characterize patterns of diagnosis and treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H₂RAs).

Methods: Cohorts of GERD/ARC children (age 0–18 years) were identified from a large US administrative claims database covering 1999–2005 using ICD-9 codes. Incidence, healthcare utilization (HCU), costs, therapy discontinuation and switching rates were compared between various age and patient groups.

Results: Between 2000 and 2005 annual incidence of GERD/ARC diagnosis among infants (age ≤1 year) more than tripled (from 3.4 to 12.3%) and increased by 30% to 50% in other age groups. Patients diagnosed by GI specialists (9.2%) were more likely to be treated with PPIs compared to patients diagnosed by primary care physician (PCP). PPI-initiated patients doubled (from 31.5% in 1999 to 62.6% in 2005) and, when compared with H₂RA-initiated patients, were associated with 30% less discontinuation and 90% less therapy switching in the first month, and with higher comorbidity burden and pre-treatment total HCU and costs when diagnosed by GI specialists.

Limitations: The use of an exploratory definition for GERD/ARC, administrative claims data and potential coding errors in diagnosis codes used in selection process may limit the generalizability of the results.

Conclusions: GERD/ARC incidence increased for children of all ages between 2000 and 2005. PCPs made the majority of diagnoses. PPI initiations have now surpassed H₂RA initiations.     

An approach for formalising the supply chain operations

Reference models play an important role in the knowledge management of the various complex collaboration domains (such as supply chain networks). However, they often show a lack of semantic precision and, they are sometimes incomplete. In this article, we present an approach to overcome semantic inconsistencies and incompleteness of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and hence improve its usefulness and expand the application domain. First, we describe a literal web ontology language (OWL) specification of SCOR concepts (and related tools) built with the intention to preserve the original approach in the classification of process reference model entities, and hence enable the effectiveness of usage in original contexts. Next, we demonstrate the system for its exploitation, in specific – tools for SCOR framework browsing and rapid supply chain process configuration. Then, we describe the SCOR-Full ontology, its relations with relevant domain ontology and show how it can be exploited for improvement of SCOR ontological framework competence. Finally, we elaborate the potential impact of the presented approach, to interoperability of systems in supply chain networks.