发达国家科研投入效率初探——基于16个OECD国家纵列数据的统计学分析

以16个OECD国家作为研究对象,以SCI来源期刊论文量作为衡量一国科研产出的指标,通过纵列数据(Panel Data)分析方法建立了科研投入-科研产出关系模型,定量描述了发达国家科研产出与科研经费投入、科研人员数、时间等因素的关系。为了排除母语因素对SCI论文量可能产生的影响,语言变量也被引入到模型中。同时,还比较了不同统计模型估计出的不同结果,验证了统计模型选取的重要性。     

2008年OECD税收协定范本新规解析

作为国际税收规则的重要组成部分,OECD税收协定范本的修订反映了国际税收的最新变化和发展趋势。本文立足2008年OECD税收协定范本的最新变动,对国际税收领域中的几大热点问题进行深入剖析,并对我国谈签税收协定的立场选择与利益权衡进行了探讨。     

Technology catch-up in agriculture among advanced economies

We examine whether countries with low initial levels of agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) tend to ‘catch up’ with the technology leaders. We first compare relative levels of agricultural TFP, capital services and labour input levels in agriculture for 17 OECD countries between 1973 and 2011. Then we apply (conditional) convergence analysis to the panel data to examine the speed of convergence and test whether the convergence is transitory or permanent by analysing TFP changes over the business cycle. Capital intensities, quality improvement of capital, factors such as human capital spillovers, and certain agricultural policies are conditioning variables. We examine how differences in relative capital intensities affect agricultural productivity convergence over the business cycle. We find evidence that the speed of convergence increases during periods of contraction in economic activity.     

A cross-country analysis of corporate carbon performance: An international investment perspective

In this study, we examine corporate carbon performance globally from the perspective of country-level dispersion. The average carbon performance of listed companies in the non-OECD countries increases more after the Paris Agreement than that of listed companies in the OECD countries. However, under an increasing trend of average country-level carbon performance, the dispersion of corporate carbon performance is reduced more in the OECD countries vis-à-vis the non-OECD countries. In addition, international equity ownership is negatively associated with the dispersion of country-level corporate carbon performance in the post-Paris Agreement period. This finding supports our conjecture that sophisticated foreign investors from developed countries exert a significant positive influence on the carbon management efficiency of domestic firms in developing countries.     

Government ideology and international migration*

We provide the first empirical evidence that government ideology affects the choice of migration destinations. As ruling political parties differ in their discourse, policies, and positions on migration, the ideology differential between the host and home country governments can shape the relative generosity of the welfare system, the degree of tolerance towards out-groups, and the restrictiveness of migration policies, all acting as important drivers of international migration. Using data on bilateral migration and government ideology for OECD countries between 1990 and 2016, we show that migration flows increase when the government at the destination becomes more left-wing relative to the government at the origin, particularly when both countries are members of the European Economic Area.     

Environmental sustainability in the OECD: The power of digitalization,green innovation,renewable energy and financial development

Digitalization has emerged as a crucial factor in reducing pollution and holds significant potential for facilitating the transition to a low-carbon economy. Nevertheless, the environmental impact of digitalization hinges on the strategies for collaboration with various economic actors and, as a result, their engagement with digitalization. In light of this, the present study seeks to examine the externality effect of digitalization on green innovation, renewable energy, and financial development in relation to environmental sustainability. The analysis employs the System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM) for 36 OECD countries over the period of 2000–2018. The empirical findings indicate that digitalization, green innovation, renewable energy, and financial development substantially promote environmental sustainability. Moreover, the interaction between digitalization, green innovation, renewable energy utilization, and financial development enhances the ecological footprint-mitigating effect of digitalization. In view of these results, merging digitalization and environmental policies may yield more robust outcomes and improved environmental quality compared to implementing a single policy in isolation.     

Evaluating the effects of ICT core elements on CO2 emissions: Recent evidence from OECD countries

This research aimed to inform policymakers about the actual climate relevance of the information and communication technology (ICT) ecosystem, which includes data centers and content provision, broadband networks, and consumer devices. To provide robust empirical evidence on the net environmental impact of these core ICT elements, we used OECD panel data for 34 Member States for the years 2002–2019 and panel fixed-effects regression models. In contrast to previous literature, we measured basic broadband and new fiber-based wireline broadband and 3G/4G mobile broadband network deployment. We also captured variations in end-user devices, ICT affinity, and famous online content. We found that, on average, the CO₂-reducing effects appear to outweigh the CO₂-increasing effects. In particular, we found that, in addition to the reduction effect associated with the use of basic broadband connections, there is a further, albeit smaller, reduction effect associated with new fiber-based broadband connections. Other ICT elements showed insignificant coefficient estimates, suggesting largely offsetting environmental impacts. Our main findings were subject to various robustness checks and were broadly consistent with previous literature using data from developed countries. Our results suggested that old and new broadband networks as enabling technology could generate positive environmental effects for society.     

Corruption and assortative matching of partners in international trade

Although the effects of corruption on bilateral trade are well-documented, its impact on the composition of trading partners remains unexplored. In this paper, we argue that corruption in a country imposes asymmetric costs on its trading partners depending on their characteristics. Consequently, as the level of corruption in a country changes, its trade flows from some of its trading partners change more than others, depending on their characteristics, changing the composition of its trading partners. We focus on two characteristics of trading partners: (1) the level of corruption and (2) membership in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (OECD Convention). Using the gravity model, we find evidence of a negative assortative matching in international trade with respect to corruption. We find that corruption in a country is negatively associated with trade flows from high-corrupt countries and is positively associated with trade volume from signatories of the OECD convention. Our results suggest that future studies on this topic should consider controlling for institutional dissimilarities between the trading partners as it has implications for bilateral trade costs.