中国省际资本流动规模实证研究

基于市场交易中资金与货物流向相反的逻辑,以地区货物和服务净流出减去其净出口的相反数来测算中国省际资本流动的规模,并分析其制度成因。结果表明:1980—2008年东部为资本净流入地区,中部为资本净流出地区,而西部则为持续的资本净流出地区;在东部地区内,京津冀为资本净流入地区,长三角和珠三角为资本净流出地区。资本跨地区流动的制度成因在于地方政府行为生成的内生交易费用差异,因而地区产业投资环境建设的重点在于持续降低当地的内生交易费用。在推进区域产业转移和产业升级过程中,可置信的保护产权的承诺等良好的公共治理对于改善地区投资环境必不可少。     

中国城市的职业流动:水平与差异

社会学家传统上使用流动表考察职业流动状况。运用人口学方法提出一种新的职业流动水平的测量指标,即总和流动率。利用2003年全国综合社会调查数据,通过总和流动率的计算,近40年来我国城市的职业流动率出现了大幅度增长。按照2002年的职业流动率水平,我国城市地区人们一生将从事三份工作或职业。同时,职业流动率的社会经济差异非常明显,较高的职业流动率发生在男性、未婚、少数民族、初中受教育程度、党员和流动人口群体中。对职业流动率测量作了新探索,提出的总和流动率概念简洁、计算方便,并具有标准化指标性质,故有一定的学术和应用价值。     

中国城乡劳动力流动影响因素研究——理论模型与实证分析

结合中国实际情况,对哈里斯-托达罗模型的基本假设进行修定,从农民追求预期净收益现值最大化出发,运用动态宏观经济学的递归方法,推导出均衡条件下中国城乡劳动力流动影响因素的理论模型,并采用动态面板计量方法实证检验各影响因素对城乡劳动力流动的作用方向和程度。研究发现：城乡劳动力流动率的滞后值、城乡实际收入差距、非农产值比和农业比较劳动生产率对城乡劳动力流动有正的影响,但城乡实际收入差距的影响系数值偏小;城镇失业率、城乡消费支出比和农村工业化对城乡劳动力流动有负的影响;制度变迁和全社会固定资产投资率对城乡劳动力流动也有一定程度但不显著的正影响。为了解决农民工就业问题,应加强城乡联动共同发展。     

农村劳动力流动对脱贫的影响文献综述

关于农村劳动力流动与贫困之间的关系一直是社会各界广泛关注的焦点。本研究通过对相关文献的梳理,针对劳动力外出务工的减贫效应,从贫困缓解论、贫困加剧论以及不确定论三方面进行概述,重点分析劳动力流动对我国农村贫困的影响及机制。结果表明,农村劳动力外出务工通过提高农户非农收入和改善整个社会的资源配置效率在收入维度上对农村贫困具有一定减缓作用,但同时,受农村劳动力过量流失的影响,外出务工在农户生活照料及社会保障等多维贫困上并未表现出显著作用,甚至存在一定负面影响。因此,应把握好劳动力外出之度,促进劳动力就近就业,同时加强对农村留守人员的社会保障,以实现多维脱贫、乡村繁荣。     

专业化产业集聚、要素流动与区域工业化——克鲁格曼中心一外围模型新发展

文章扩展了贸易成本的范围，认为贸易成本不仅包括产品运输成本，而且也包括要素流动成本，并引入前后向产业联系，在此基础上发展了可解的中心一外围模型，并探讨了在各种条件下相应的经济学含义，认为在推动我国区域经济一体化的进程中，对落后地区的技术支持必不可少，并应重视区域问产业发展的互动，否则，我国区域经济一体化进程将难以有效推进。     

收入流动性、代际传递与农村反贫困———异质性视角下新疆30个贫困县的实证分析简

文章从收入流动性、贫困代际传递与反贫困关系的理论研究入手,利用2000—2012年数据,选取新疆30个贫困县为研究主体,运用面板模型和面板误差修正模型分析了三者之间的长期和短期动态关系。研究发现：（1）从长期看,收入流动性、贫困代际传递对反贫困有显著作用,且收入流动性对反贫困的促进作用依赖于该县的贫困水平;（2）短期而言,新疆30个贫困县的收入流动性、贫困代际传递对反贫困的效果存在异质性。因此,建议制定以提高收入流动性和减少贫困代际传递为目标的对策和机制,并注重实行差异化措施来达到反贫困效果。     

增强收入流动性，提高居民消费能力——基于天津市伪面板数据的群体分析

2008年后期波及全球的金融危机对各国的实体经济产生了严重影响,中国的出口贸易也严重受阻,如何在出口持续下滑的同时保证经济持续稳定增长,刺激消费需求增长成为关注的焦点。利用天津城市住户调查数据,运用群体分析方法构造伪面板数据进行实证分析,发现整体的收入流动性偏低;按年龄分组时,收入流动性表现出先增大,35岁左右达到最大之后逐渐变小的趋势;按出生年分组时,发现改革开放以前出生群体的收入流动性较小。针对不同群体收入流动性特点,提出增强收入流动性的启示性对策,以优化城镇居民消费结构,提高消费能力。     

Experience matters: The role of academic scientist mobility for industrial innovation

Research Summary: A learning‐by‐hiring approach is used to scrutinize scientists' mobility in relation to the recruiting firms' subsequent innovation output. Our starting point is that among firm hires, individuals with university research experience—hired from universities or firms—can be particularly valuable. However, conflicting institutional logics between academia and industry makes working with academic scientists challenging at times for firms. We suggest two solutions to this difficulty: hiring “ambidextrous” individuals with a mix of experience of university research and working for a technologically advanced firm, and a strong organizational research culture in the recruiting firm reflected by the presence of a scientist on the top management team. We track the mobility of R&D workers empirically using patent and linked employer‐employee data. Managerial Summary: An important way to make organizations more innovative is hiring individual researchers with the right types of skills and experience. We show that individuals with university research experience beyond their final degree are particularly likely to help boost firm‐level innovation output after hiring compared to R&D workers with other types of skills and experience. However, to obtain good returns to innovation from hiring such individuals, firms need a university research–friendly organizational culture when hiring individuals with university research experience, from either firms or academia.     

Research agenda for low-carbon mobility: Issues for New World cities

ABSTRACT

Low-carbon mobility (LCM) features strongly in debates about the sustainability of cities and their resilience in the face of demographic, economic, and climate change. Transport is a major source of carbon emissions and there are indications that these continue to increase, despite the considerable recent advances in vehicle, engine, and fuel technologies. Reducing carbon emissions from transport may become more difficult, not easier. A particular issue relates to the New World cities, typified by those of North America and Australasia, which largely developed from the latter half of the nineteenth century onward and whose transportation systems were largely based around private vehicle ownership and usage. These cities are typically composed of low-density, dispersed suburbs, which are highly car dependent and resource and carbon emission intensive. This article develops a research agenda directed at determining and testing policy and planning measures relevant to the quest for low carbon mobility in New World cities. It suggests a rich agenda for essential research on LCM. Much of this agenda falls within the realm of the integration of transport and land use, with attention to urban design details to enhance the perceptions of and opportunities to use low carbon transport alternatives. Research topics identified for LCM research include (1) urban design and land use–transport integration (LUTI), (2) low carbon mobility policies directed at achieving widespread behavior change, (3) opportunities for new technology and its application, including requirements for systems and infrastructure, and (4) analysis and tools for informed decision making, including modeling, measurement, visualization, and especially assessment.