Cross-border pollution,public pollution abatement and capital tax competition

We analyze the case where governments have to use income tax revenue to finance public pollution abatement and relate the results to the existing literature on capital tax competition. We show that the impact of public pollution abatement on Nash taxes on mobile factor income is non-trivial and the standard results from the tax competition literature can be reversed. When the two countries are identical, the Nash equilibrium capital income taxes converge to the tax on immobile factors income as the degree of cross-border pollution converges to one. When countries are asymmetric and pollution is local the presence of public pollution abatement lowers the capital tax for the capital exporting country, while the impact on the capital tax of the capital importing country is ambiguous.     

The Contingent Value of Entrepreneurs’ Political Capital: Evidence from China

ABSTRACT

Who benefit from a transitioning economy, entrepreneurs who are politically connected or disconnected? Market transition theory and power conversion theory offer two divergent answers. Our study seeks to contribute to this debate by examining the contingent value of entrepreneurs’ political capital. We draw from social network theories and investigate whether and how entrepreneurs’ social networks influence the relationship between their political capital and social mobility. Using the data on Chinese entrepreneurs, we find that the impact of political capital on entrepreneurs’ social mobility is contingent on their network centrality. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.     

中国区域资本流动:动态与区域差异——基于1978～2009年数据

中国国内资本流动受限阻碍了内需的形成导致内外失衡问题越发严重。本文基于Campbell-Mankiw永久收入模型从私人消费和净产出关系角度测度资本流动程度,并采用混合OLS、GMM和Swamy's随机系数模型等计量方法分析其入世前后的时序和区域差异性。结果表明:我国总体资本流动水平低于主要OECD国家的平均水平,多数省份资本流动程度较低且区域差距较大,其中长三角地区的资本向其他区域流动的水平最低,"入世"对我国资本市场的总体影响有限,然而它对各个区域的影响是不对称的,"入世"后私人消费和净产出相关程度上升的区域其资本流动受限明显且幅度有较大上升,而私人消费和净产出相关程度降低的地区其资本流动略有改善,但其改善幅度远低于其他地区资本流动恶化的幅度。     

Different evolutionary paths: Technological development of laser diodes in the US and Japan, 1960–2000

Exploring the technological development of laser diodes from 1960 to 2000, this study examines how US and Japanese firms diverged from the same technological target to take separate evolutionary paths over time and came to be competitive in the different areas. Scrutinising the level of vertical integration, entrepreneurial start-ups, scientists' mobility and research networks, it shows that R&D efforts were scattered over different technological domains, giving US firms the chance to obtain technological advantages in customised and small markets. R&D efforts were concentrated in the same targeted markets in Japan, giving Japanese companies the opportunity to capture the markets offering the highest sales volumes.     

结构调整、劳动力流动与地区工资差异

从1999年到2007年间,中国东部和中西部地区之间的工资收入增长出现了明显的收敛趋势,其中的重要影响因素是什么?本文通过构建比较优势理论和新经济地理学的分析框架,分析了劳动力流动和中西部地区的工业化在中国特有条件下的作用机制。不断放松管制的劳动力流动鼓励了劳动力要素的迁移,促进了劳动力要素价格均等化的发展,中西部地区大力发展第二产业和第三产业又进一步提高了劳动力要素的报酬。假如这一局面继续维持,它将推动沿海和内地的工资收入增长的均衡发展。     

资源要素流动配置与城乡一体化发展——基于我国省际面板数据的实证分析

本文采用一阶差分广义矩的估计方法,对我国31个省、自治区和直辖市1999-2008年的面板数据进行实证分析。研究发现,农村劳动生产率的提高、农村劳动流动性增加、对农村的投资力度加大以及财政对农业的支持提升等都有利于促进城乡一体化发展,影响程度相对较大;农村劳动力的投入增加、农村税收加重、农村存款快于贷款增长对城乡一体化发展有抑制作用,但影响程度相对较小。     

劳动力区域流动及Todaro模型演进发展综述

劳动力流动是一个国家工业化现代化过程中必然出现的现象。所谓流动包含劳动力由传统产业地区向现代产业地区流动、由欠发达地区向发达地区流动、由劳动力过剩地区向劳动力缺乏地区流动。这些流动动因往往相互叠加，难以单独识别。推拉理论将这些因素划分为“推力”和“拉力”两个范畴，解决了劳动力流动因素的识别问题。本文在推拉理论的基础上，梳理了定量研究劳动力流动的模型Todaro系列模型的演进发展过程及其应用于实证所面临的问题，以期为我国调查统计数据的编制及社科调查的维度框架提供有意义的参考。     

经济集聚、人口流动与住宅价格空间溢出效应研究

基于省级面板数据,利用空间计量模型考量经济集聚、人口流动和住宅价格间的空间溢出效应关系.结果发现:中国省际住宅价格间存在着显著的正向空间相关性,即某一地区住宅价格的波动会受到周边地区或经济特征类似地区住宅价格波动的影响;人口流动在经济集聚和房价的关系中发挥着中介作用;经济集聚与住宅价格在空间上存在着显著的相关关系,经济集聚不仅会推高集聚中心住宅价格,还会通过"虹吸效应"和"涓滴效应"对周边住宅价格产生影响,而经济集聚对周边住宅价格的影响取决于人口净流入率的大小.