An Olympic legacy for all? The non-infrastructural outcomes of the Olympic Games for socially excluded groups (Atlanta 1996-Beijing 2008)

The use of mega sporting events to achieve social goals for socially excluded groups is heavily contested. Comparative evidence regarding the effects of the Olympic Games for these groups is scarce, and there is an even greater dearth of studies focusing on non-infrastructural programmes (such as sport participation initiatives, volunteering opportunities, training and employment schemes). This study identifies planning principles that allow for the development of such non-infrastructural benefits for socially excluded groups in host cities, and reviews their application in recent Olympic Games.This study examines data from 7 Olympic cities (Atlanta, Nagano, Sydney, Salt Lake City, Athens, Turin and Beijing). It shows that the Olympic Games generally bring few benefits for socially excluded groups, although these benefits are often important justifications in the bidding stage. The study highlights the growing importance placed by the International Olympic Committee on environmental sustainability, and proposes a similar emphasis on social sustainability.     

青年奥林匹克运动会的发展前景探析

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法对现代奥林匹克运动面临的问题和青年奥运会的发展前景进行了研究,认为青年奥林匹克运动会在对青年的教育和人才的培养以及促进奥林匹克运动的可持续发展方面将发挥重要的作用。     

试论北京奥运会后中国竞技体育的发展

目前,我国竞技体育举国体制存在着不足,竞技体育职业化不足,借鉴日、美等国的经验,我国竞技体育应调整体制,使之与社会体育均衡发展,并积极推进其产业化、商业化、职业化。     

‘Race’, sport and leisure: lessons from critical race theory

This paper presents and explores critical race theory (CRT) as an ontological starting point for the study of sport and leisure. CRT is based on five precepts outlined by Solorzano and Yosso that centre ‘race’ and racism, social justice, plurivocality, transdisciplinarity and challenge orthodoxies. There have been a number of recent criticisms and debates amongst leisure and sports studies writers that challenge their general focus of study as narrow and myopic. The five precepts have been fundamental to radical shifts in critical legal studies over the past fifteen years and have significance for the development of critical sport and leisure theory. CRT and ‘race’ critical perspectives are drawn out, clarified and their mutual agendas focussed. It is argued here that researchers and writers need urgently to centralize ‘race’ and racism as core factors in the study of social relations in sport if Birrell's optimism in the development of sport (and leisure) theory is to be realised.     

奥运项目融资BOT方式下的信息不对称风险分析

举办2 0 0 8年奥运会所需的场馆和大量附属设施大多采取项目融资的BOT方式,从招投标开始到场馆的建设、运营、管理和维修存在各类风险。其中由于信息不对称所引起的有讨价还价风险、逆向选择风险、道德风险。负责奥运建设的部门必须根据BOT项目建设的特点设计合理的招投标方式和筛选标准,减少项目联合体的机会主义,保证奥运场馆高标准、按期完成     

奥运经济影响评价指标研究

从经济学角度研究奥运会的经济影响,无论是对奥运会举办城市的发展,还是对以后大型体育赛事的申办都有着重要意义。首先对国内外相关研究进行了回顾,认为这些研究过于重视短期经济影响研究,忽略中长期影响研究,缺少奥运会间的对比分析。为此,该文在总结以往研究成果的基础上,试图全面分析奥运经济影响,据此构建奥运经济影响的评价指标。该指标不仅可以全面评估特定奥运会的经济影响,还可用于各届奥运会间经济影响的对比分析。     

谈北京奥运会酒店营销策略

随着我国旅游业快捷、健康的发展,酒店得到了蓬勃发展。2008年北京奥运会为我国酒店业带来了巨大的商机,针对在奥运期间,如何做好酒店产品的营销,如何及时调整营销计划、改进营销组合策略,获得更高的市场占有份额,以及开创新的营销模式,如关系营销的深化,服务营销,品牌与文化营销,网络营销等,提出若干建议和想法。     

体验营销理念在奥运火炬传递活动中的运用

体验营销反映了受众参与的概念,奥运火炬传递活动作为体育赛事的一个环节也强调了全民参与体验的重要性。本文在分析奥运火炬传递中运用体验营销理念的意义的基础之上介绍了奥运火炬传递对体验营销理念的运用。     

Evolutionary dynamics and backward induction

The backward induction (or subgame-perfect) equilibrium of a perfect information game is shown to be the unique evolutionarily stable outcome for dynamic models consisting of selection and mutation, when the mutation rate is low and the populations are large.     

论战略性贸易政策与制度环境的稳定性

战略性贸易政策理论主张政府应积极干预存在超额利润或技术外溢效应的寡头垄断产业以实现本国社会净福利的最大化.然而最终是否能实现预期的干预效果与制度环境密切相关.本文通过研究表明保持一个稳定的制度环境对欲实施战略性贸易政策的国家而言是最优的选择.