The effect of the Federal Reserve’s lending facility on PPP lending by commercial banks

We investigate whether the Federal Reserve’s Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF) boosted commercial bank Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) lending. To determine whether this facility had a causal effect, we use pre-existing familiarity with the Federal Reserve’s discount window as an instrumental variable. We show that the PPPLF materially bolstered bank PPP lending and provided a meaningful funding backstop for banks that did not use the facility. Our paper is one of the first to quantitatively illustrate the effectiveness of a central bank facility as a funding backstop.     

A multicriteria decision framework for governance of PPP projects towards sustainable development

The lack of a suitable decision framework for the governance of public-private partnership (PPP) projects in Africa, especially Ghana, is a major setback to project success, retarding sustainable development. This study develops a hierarchical decision framework for prioritizing project governance factors and their relationships using the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. We employ 30 experts to evaluate two main PPP governance factors and eleven subfactors. We found that contractual governance factors of PPP are more prominent than noncontractual ones for sustainable PPP projects. However, noncontractual governance factors have the highest net effect on contractual factors. Again, policy diffusion is the contractual factor with the highest net effect, while best practice team norm is the noncontractual factor with the highest net effect. Additionally, effective risk allocation is the most prominent contractual subfactor of PPP, while effective communication of project information is the most prominent noncontractual governance factor. The results imply that PPP project managers should improve governance factors for the sustainable development of PPP projects in Africa. However, they should emphasize the prominent and high net effect governance factors but not wholly disregard the less prominent ones.     

PPP项目控制权转移机制研究*——基于探索性多案例的分析

提高民营企业参与PPP项目的控制权是激发民营企业创新活力、降低运营成本的重要举措。民营企业参与PPP项目的过程，实质是政府让渡控制权与企业获取控制权的动态博弈过程。本文从合作治理的视角，以同一家民营企业参与的两个城市公用事业PPP项目为研究对象，提炼影响城市公用事业PPP项目控制权转移的关键要素，采用探索性多案例研究方法，挖掘民营企业参与PPP项目的控制权转移机制，发现政府制度能力、企业动态能力、市场竞争强度是影响控制权转移的关键要素，政企关系对上述三类影响路径起到积极的调节作用。相应的，民营企业参与PPP项目的控制权转移存在三条基本路径，即能力转移、关系转移和市场转移。本研究不仅丰富了PPP项目控制权的研究成果，还可以为提高民营企业参与PPP项目的控制权提供指导与借鉴。     

When bigger is better: Investment volume drivers in infrastructure public-private partnership projects

This research studies the factors that favour the establishment of high-investment infrastructure public-private partnership (PPP) projects. We analyse 9121 PPPs, hosted in 107 developing countries, in the period 1997–2017. We find that PPP projects adopting contractual forms in which the private party takes more risks, awarded through competitive methods and benefitting from indirect government support programmes, are characterized by a larger investment volume. A more business-friendly economy and robust institutions configure the most conducive environment to establish larger investment PPPs. Furthermore, multilateral development banks’ support of the projects relates positively to their investment volume.     

PPP模式的经济增长质量效应研究——来自微观层面的证据

文章依据财政部PPP项目库信息整理得到253个城市的非平衡面板数据并对PPP模式的经济增长质量效应展开实证分析。结果显示,我国PPP模式的运用能够有效促进地区经济增长质量提升,且该结论通过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析显示,缓解地方政府短期财政压力和促进地区市场化水平的提升是PPP模式发挥经济增长质量效应的主要渠道。与此同时,政府干预较多会抑制PPP模式经济增长质量效应,而提高财政透明度则有利于发挥该效应。此外,异质性分析表明,市政工程以及教育、医疗等社会事业领域PPP模式的经济增长质量效应更强,并且当某地PPP模式以中短期合作或以政府付费和可行性缺口补助项目为主时,其对地区经济增长质量的提升作用更为明显。     

欧洲隧道项目融资的经验教训

简述了欧洲隧道的历史,并根据该项目的组织结构和融资过程,总结了在融资方面应吸取的经验教训。     

评英国PFI改革的新成果PF2

简要阐述了英国PFI的历史和改革历程,综述了PF2对PFI的改革要点,并提出了对PF2的评论性意见。