Quantitative Easing Forever? Financialisation and the Institutional Legitimacy of the Federal Reserve’s Unconventional Monetary Policy

Scholars of financialisation have argued that the emergence of finance-led grow regimes requires new instruments for effective conduct of economic policy. In this scholarship, central banks have been seen as the most promising actors to utilise one of the most synergetic policies, the maintenance of high and stable prices of financial assets. Since the financial crisis of 2007–8, central banks of the developed world have adopted various unconventional monetary policy measures that serve this function. But will these unconventional measures become institutionally legitimate and institutionalised as conventional practice, as suggested necessary by scholars of financialisation? In this paper, we answer to this question by studying the institutional legitimation of the Federal Reserve’s Quantiative Easing (QE) programmes. We argue that the QE programmes have been legitimated successfully but with institutional legitimation strategies, which cause institutional pressures that question the potential of QE from becoming a regular policy instrument and practice.     

基于虚实二重性分析的房地产理论重构

传统的仅从实体经济的角度来研究房地产的经济理论已经不能完全诠释当今房地产经济发展的现实。通过对房地产从虚拟经济角度进行分析,我们可以发现,房地产具有实体资产和虚拟资产二重属性。正是房地产的这种特性决定了房地产具有稳定经济的职能,对经济增长具有重要意义。因此,我们应该在房地产虚实二重性的基础上重构房地产经济理论。     

Bank ownership type and temporal evolution of long‐term bank funding in the period 2005–2017

This study uses a large panel dataset of Western European banks to examine the determinants of bank funding stability. Banks are divided into three categories by bank ownership type; the ownership types in this study are commercial banks, cooperative banks and savings banks. Three sources of stable bank funding are investigated: customer deposits, equity, and long‐term liabilities. Furthermore, the sum of these funding components is used as a proxy variable for a bank's total available stable funding (ASF). A special focus is on the temporal evolution of these funding types. The regression results show that commercial banks’ funding became much more stable in the period 2005–2017. However, that funding remains, on average, less stable than does cooperative and savings banks’ funding. In addition, funding stability has remained at the pre‐crisis level in cooperative and savings banks, despite a steep dip in cooperative banks’ ASF during the sovereign debt crisis. Furthermore, banks substantially decreased financing from long‐term liabilities after the financial crisis, replacing it with customer deposits and equity.     

加强党的建设是推进新疆跨越式发展和长治久安的根本保证

加强党的建设是做好新形势下新疆工作的关键,是推进新疆跨越式发展和长治久安的根本保证。严峻复杂的国际局势和世情国情党情的深刻变化及推进新疆跨越式发展和长治久安的艰巨任务,都要求党组织必须毫不松懈地加强党的建设,必须认真遵循、运用和不断丰富发展执政党建设的基本经验,切实把基层党组织建设成为坚强的战斗堡垒。而切实推进党的建设各项措施的贯彻落实,必须紧紧围绕发展和稳定这个新疆工作的主题,围绕跨越式发展和长治久安的新形势新任务,在各项措施的贯彻落实上出实招、得实效上下功夫。     

COMPETITIVENESS AND STABILITY OF COLLUSIVE BEHAVIOR

We investigate the relationship between the degree of competition and the stability of collusive behaviour, by introducing the element of relative performance in the objective functions of the firms. We show that an increase in the degree of competition destabilizes the collusion. This relation differs starkly in the standard symmetric Cournot and Bertrand duopoly models, with the former being more unstable than the latter.     

论现代企业制度下内部审计的职能

内部审计是现代企业制度下企业内部控制的重要组成部分。随着审计理论的发展，所处外部环境的不断变化，内部审计职能也在不断发展和拓展。当然，职能作为事物的本质属性，其稳定性是主要的，所以内部审计职能的研究与分析必须回归到起点、本质，而不能简单地将业务领域的拓展或变化，视为其职能的变化。     

跨国公司在发展中国家的二重性--兼论对中国的影响

跨国公司作为全球化的驱动器既给发展中国家的政治、经济与社会稳定带来正面影响,甚至成为社会稳定的一种标志,但又不可避免地产生一些负面效应.本文从社会稳定的角度出发,探讨了跨国公司在发展中国家的二重性以及对中国的影响,最后认为:中国要在开放中坚持双赢的策略并加大风险意识;同时应倡导跨国公司承担更大的社会责任.     

人民币实际汇率变动与中等技术产品出口结构——基于空间状态模型的研究

应用ARCH模型和空间状态模型估计人民币实际汇率变动及其对中等技术产品出口结构的影响。实证结果表明：人民币实际汇率变动符合2阶自回归模型,汇率变动方程是ARCH（2）形式;随着中国中等技术产品出口结构的不断优化和人民币汇率市场化程度的加深,人民币实际汇率变动对中等技术产品出口的影响逐渐由负向转变为正向推动作用。因此,进一步完善人民币汇率制度,适度增加人民币汇率的浮动幅度和升值空间,对我国淘汰落后产业,推动出口结构升级,增强出口商品的国际竞争力有重要的促进作用。     

垂直差异化与合谋稳定性关系分析

市场行为中的默契合谋能使企业获得超额利润,现存的关于生产同质品和差异化产品的经验性研究经常能发现默契合谋的证据.在现实经济的默契合谋行为中,不同的成本结构适用于不同的经济环境或者不同的行业、产业分析,也直接影响着合谋和背离合谋所得的利润,对合谋稳定性有着重要的影响.在垂直差异化的不同成本(固定成本、可变成本)结构下,企业参与竞争的不同竞争类型(古诺竞争和伯川德竞争)对合谋稳定性的影响也是有差异的.     

城乡收入差距是如何扩大的?--兼与几种流行观点商榷

对中国城乡收入差距不断扩大的趋势,既不能单纯用经济增长型倒U假说解释,也不能用部分经济转轨国家的例证解读,它是由中国特有的城市偏向分配政策造成的。在城市偏向的分配政策中,有4类工具发挥了重要作用政府对生产要素市场的干预;有利于城市的转移项目;税负的不公平和农民获得收入后的财富转移。文章最后对收入差距与社会稳定的关系,对为何要从起点公平入手解决城乡收入差距进行了理论探讨。