金融约束政策下的国有企业与经济增长——基于租金分配的所有制偏好分析

金融约束政策作为我国转轨时期的重要金融制度安排,对我国经济起飞起到了非常重要的作用,但是随着我国经济的发展,该政策的弊端开始凸显。本文基于租金分配的所有制偏好特征,建立理论模型分析了金融约束政策下国有企业对经济增长的＂双重拖累＂,并利用省际面板数据,采用系统广义矩估计方法实证分析了国有经济份额和金融发展对经济增长的影响,验证了金融约束政策下国有企业对经济增长的拖累作用。     

基于公平偏好的实验经济学研究综述

传统经济学建立在自利性假设之上,认为参与人仅仅关心自身利益,即使出现有悖于自利性假设的行为,也只是暂时性的偏离。而最近二十多年的实验经济学研究对该假设提出了质疑,利用大量实验数据不仅证明了人类行为中公平偏好的存在性,而且还表明这种存在性绝非是暂时性的偏离,其对人类的行为决策具有很强的系统性影响。目前相关学术研究主要体现在公平偏好与其他社会偏好的区分、有关人类行为决策中公平偏好存在性的实验证明、基于结果的公平偏好与基于动机的公平偏好的差异以及公平偏好对传统激励契约产生的影响。本文指出了国外学术界对公平偏好实验中包括实验对象、货币金额和文化等方面的质疑,同时也揭示了未来进一步的研究方向,构成了有关公平偏好实验经济学的研究进展及前沿趋势。     

Analysis of mobility impacts of the high speed Rome-Naples rail link using withinday dynamic mode service choice models

The decrease in travel times, the better quality of the supplied services and the improved accessibility are the main factors of success of High Speed Rail links.In this paper, evidence of the impacts of the High Speed Rail line between Rome and Naples in Italy will be provided on the basis of a survey which was carried out in March 2008.A Revealed Preference (RP) survey was undertaken by Trenitalia (the Commercial Division of Italian railways) and three different questionnaires were prepared to be submitted to car users, Intercity train users and High Speed train users. They all have in common questions concerning the socioeconomic characteristics of the users, questions related to the existence of possible time constraints for the trip undertaken and questions concerning previous travel choices.Data from Trenitalia highlighted that the use of car and of Intercity trains had almost remained unchanged during the few years of operation of the High Speed service. However, a generated demand was derived from the use of this High Speed Rail link and this means that the introduction of the High Speed service between Rome and Naples probably had impacts, as excepted, on mobility choices (i.e. increase in trip frequency, new trips never done before, etc.). Data gathered were used first of all to understand this phenomenon and then to estimate a mode choice model to reproduce/forecast modal share. Specifically the choice between car and rail was modelled through a schedule based approach and with a Nested Logit model with the “train” utility function including late and early penalties.     

Dynamic Preference Maintenance

Consumers' choices and evaluations can sometimes be interpreted as goal-driven attempts to manage some of the internal and external resources and constraints that affect subsequent purchase and consumption choices. For example, delaying gratification involves limiting immediate benefits in favor of better future ones. We refer to this self-management of resources and constraints as dynamic preference maintenance and illustrate this concept with a number of marketing examples. We discuss evidence and practical and conceptual implications for marketing.     

Entrepreneurial logics for a technology of foolishness

Several years ago Professor March pointed out that rational choice involves two guesses, a guess about uncertain future consequences and a guess about uncertain future preferences, and called for the development of a technology of foolishness to complement the technologies of intelligence that have been developed to improve the first guess. In this essay we use empirical data from two separate studies of entrepreneurial expertise, one involving the creation of new ventures and the other the birth of a new industry to identify three logics that constitute working elements of a technology of foolishness: (1) the logic of identity, as opposed to the logic of preferences; (2) the logic of action, as opposed to the logic of belief; and (3) the logic of commitment, as opposed to the logic of transaction.     

政府创新偏好与区域创新能力:如愿以偿还是事与愿违?

本文基于中国地方政府不同程度上参与区域创新系统建设的事实特征,以城市作为考察单元,并使用包含专利价值的创新指数反映区域创新能力,在因果分析框架下从财政投入强度和财政支出结构的双重视角系统评估政府创新偏好对区域创新能力的影响效果。研究发现:在中国情境下,政府创新偏好与区域创新能力之间表现出稳健的正向关系,这种正向影响在因果分析框架下仍然成立。异质性分析表明:就政府创新偏好对区域创新能力的作用效果而言,东部和中部区域作用效果比西部区域更为明显;大城市作用效果比中小城市水平略低。随着区域创新能力不断增强,政府创新偏好对增强区域创新能力的重要性不断凸显。最后,本文还证实扩大对外开放水平、促进人力资本积累以及改善制度环境有助于充分释放政府创新偏好的技术创新效应。     

Internal analysis of market structure: Recent developments and future prospects

The predominant paradigm in marketing for explaining buyer choice behavior is that choices reflect buyer evaluations of the attributes possessed by alternatives. Internal market structure analysis seeks to recover the attributes, and the buyer evaluations of those attributes, that govern brand choices. This essay briefly reviews some of the most recent developments in internal market structure analysis and discusses prospects for further work. This review was instigated by a four-day workshop on spatial representations of choice bahavior at the Banff Invitational Symposium on Consumer Decision Making and Choice Behavior, May 11–14, 1990. The workshop participants were: J. Douglas Carroll (Rutgers), Lee G. Cooper (UCLA), Terry Elrod (then of Vanderbilt Univ., now of the Univ. of Alberta), Eugene Kaciak (Brock Univ.), David B. MacKay (Indiana Univ.), and D. Sudharshan (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). This paper benefited from the insights of all of the participants, from helpful comments by Wayne S. DeSarbo, Greg M. Allenby, Donald R. Lehmann, and William L. Moore and from the assistance of Christopher Dubelar.     

纯分时定价与分时阶梯定价对政策目标实现的对比分析

基于双层需求模型,对分时阶梯定价与纯分时定价下的居民电力需求行为进行比较。利用相对需求方程检验两类定价下的相对需求是否具有非位似偏好性质,运用绝对需求方程分析居民在峰谷时的不同弹性特征。研究结论表明,分时阶梯与纯分时定价下存在不同的收入和电费位似偏好性质;居民的价格与需求弹性显著不同;两类定价下可以实现的政策目标也存在明显差异。本文为系统比较非线性定价与线性定价下的需求奠定了基础。     

西部地区旅游客源市场结构分析

近年来西部地区的旅游业快速发展,旅游收入和旅游接待量逐年增长,旅游经济在西部经济和全国旅游经济中起着重要作用。通过分析西部地区的旅游客源市场的地理结构和消费行为结构,得出一些有益的结论,可为西部地区共同开发和拓展国内外共同客源市场提供理论依据。     

Preference through indifference: a topological approach

Two problems of consumer theory are approached topologically. An intrinsic topological characterization of transitivity of indifference is provided. Under very weak assumptions, indifference classes are proved to determine the continuous preference inducing them. Moreover, conditions, under which a given topology is the weakest making a preference continuous, are obtained.