Axiomatization of weighted (separable) utility

Nontrivial decision problems typically involve a trade-off among multiple attributes of choice options. One simple way of resolving such trade-offs is to aggregate multiple attributes into one real-valued index, known as weighted or separable utility. Applications of weighted utility can be found in choice under risk (expected utility) and uncertainty (subjective expected utility), intertemporal choice (discounted utility) and welfare economics (utilitarian social welfare function). This paper presents an alternative behavioral characterization (preference axiomatization) of weighted utility. It is shown that necessary and sufficient conditions for weighted utility are completeness, continuity, bi-separable transitivity (and transitivity if none of the attributes is null, or inessential).     

The evaluation of tourism destination competitiveness by TOPSIS & information entropy – A case in the Yangtze River Delta of China

Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was proposed by Hwang and Yoon as a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method, which identifies solutions from a finite set of alternatives. TOPSIS is based on the concept that the chosen alternative should have the shortest distance from the positive ideal solution (PIS) and the farthest distance from the negative ideal solution (NIS). In this study, the method was applied to evaluate the tourism destination competitiveness (TDC) of the Yangtze River Delta in China. This empirical study was based on a two-step procedure. The first procedure consisted of three hierarchies, four aspects and 35 evaluation indices, which were weighted by the information entropy weight (IEW). Secondly, the TOPSIS method was applied to the ranking analysis. This gave the most important index for each aspect by IEW. It also provided the ranking for 16 cities in the Yangtze River Delta based on four aspects, as well as the final overall ranking among them. Finally, the tactics and means for the cities to improve their tourism competitiveness were discussed. The results showed that TOPSIS & IEW can be implemented as an effective method in TDC evaluation.     

基于偏好分层理论的个体行为选择分析框架

传统经济理论假定个体服从理性判断,遵循选择逻辑,并据此演绎出个体行为选择分析的两种方法.但无论是基于偏好法的效用理论还是反其道而行的显示偏好理论,本质上均无法解释清楚现实中的个体选择何以是丰富多彩的.本文引入偏好分层理论,构建“偏好-行为”分析框架,认为个体偏好可以分为内核层、基本层、表象层和行为层四个层次,该分层的偏好体系决定了个体的知识结构,而特定的知识结构将对个体行为进行损益分析,促使个体做出策略选择并付诸行动.这一理论重新解释微观行动主体在不同场景下的行为选择问题,能够较好地解释现实经济活动中个体的目标驱动行为和规则遵循行为,从而避免新古典经济学效用分析法和显示偏好法在解释个体行为上的局限.     

外部资源、技术决策偏好与政治关联企业研发投资

在政治关联—外部资源—研发投资作用机制中融入技术决策偏好的调节效用,采用2012-2015年创业板非金融保险类上市公司数据,通过结构方程模型（SEM）,探究上述4个变量间关系及其理论模型。结果发现,在控制企业部分特征的影响后,政治关联对企业研发投资具有消极作用,但是引入外部资源会对该消极作用起到遮掩效用,而高管技术决策偏好能够反向调节政治关联对研发投资的消极作用,并且外部资源的遮掩效用与技术决策的调节效用互不干涉,进而揭示出政治关联影响企业研发投资的理论机制。     

上市公司融资方式选择的偏好顺序分析——来自四川的经验数据

论文以2006-2010年四川省53家上市公司为样本,对其融资方式选择的偏好顺序及影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果与融资优序理论相悖,四川上市公司的融资偏好顺序依次为短期债务融资、股权融资、长期债务融资、内部融资。其中,短期偿债能力、长期偿债能力、资产营运能力、资产盈利能办、市场竞争能力、股利支付能力在不同程度上分别影响上市公司的内部融资度、债务融资度和股权融资度。     

政府支持对中国风险投资业影响的实证研究

基于1997～2010年中国27个省、市风险投资项目数量的动态面板数据,实证检验了政府支持对中国风险投资业发展的影响,得出了三个主要结论。一是税收激励政策对风险投资业的发展有积极影响,但并不明显,尤其是种子期、初创期受到的激励效果极其微弱。二是引导基金政策抑制了风险投资的发展,事实上也确实如此。三是人均GDP与风险投资业的发展存在显著的正相关关系。因此,在政府支持风险投资业发展的过程中,一定要遵从经济规律,注重发挥其引导作用。     

通用会计软件选择的探讨

计算机技术、网络技术的发展使企业购买会计软件成为会计电算化的发展趋势之一，选用适合本企业的会计软件也成为了企业面临的问题。本文就企业如何选择会计软件的问题进行了探讨。     

对专科大学生英语学习策略的探析

近几十年来，学习策略在外语学习中的作用正越来越引起研究人员和学者的关注。本文是对大学英语学习者的学习策略的一次初探性研究，通过对山西财政税务专科学校的100名非英语专业的二年级学生进行问卷调查来收集数据并进行数据分析，旨在研究：1．学习成功者和学习不成功者在运用学习策略上是否存在差异；2．语言水平各异的大学生的语言学习策略取向特征。     

Preferences with and without prices - does the price attribute affect behavior in stated preference surveys?

The experimental as well as the non-market valuation literature include several examples of how an introduced price can affect behavior in otherwise not expected ways. It has become standard to include a price vector as an attribute in choice experiments, something that enables us to estimate a marginal willingness to pay for other attributes. We test the impact on preferences by an inclusion of a price in a choice experiment. Preferences are affected, as might be expected. However, also the relative ranking of individual attributes is affected.      

政府创新偏好与区域创新能力:如愿以偿还是事与愿违?

本文基于中国地方政府不同程度上参与区域创新系统建设的事实特征,以城市作为考察单元,并使用包含专利价值的创新指数反映区域创新能力,在因果分析框架下从财政投入强度和财政支出结构的双重视角系统评估政府创新偏好对区域创新能力的影响效果。研究发现:在中国情境下,政府创新偏好与区域创新能力之间表现出稳健的正向关系,这种正向影响在因果分析框架下仍然成立。异质性分析表明:就政府创新偏好对区域创新能力的作用效果而言,东部和中部区域作用效果比西部区域更为明显;大城市作用效果比中小城市水平略低。随着区域创新能力不断增强,政府创新偏好对增强区域创新能力的重要性不断凸显。最后,本文还证实扩大对外开放水平、促进人力资本积累以及改善制度环境有助于充分释放政府创新偏好的技术创新效应。