农户视角下的中国农村金融制度建构

中国传统农户收入水平低、圈层的人际关系网以及生存理性等特征,决定了农户存在较大的融资需求。为避免无法获得熟人借贷亦无法从正规金融机构获得融资的农户被迫选择高利贷,国家应加大政策性金融服务农村的力度,降低农户获得国家信贷支持的门槛。在农户没有产生商业性金融需求时,在传统农区强制性推行商业金融是不可取的。     

国内商业银行流动性选择的行为分析

银行愿意用流动性资产形式保持自己投资基于如下心理因素:在一定的资产总量下,银行的流动性偏好越强,对中长期资产要求的流动性溢价水平就越高,贷款利率定价就越高。当前,商业银行持有大量流动性资产和中长期贷款的低流动性溢价并存。商业银行的流动性选择行为,受来自于央行的政策压力的影响大于来自于市场的经济压力的影响。     

When is the probabilistic serial assignment uniquely efficient and envy-free?

We study the problem of allocating objects using lotteries. For each economy, the serial assignment, the assignment selected by the (probabilistic) serial rule, is $sd$-efficient and $sd$-envy-free (“$sd$” stands for stochastic dominance) but in general, it is not the only such assignment. Our question is when the uniqueness also holds. First, we provide a necessary condition for uniqueness, termed top-objects divisibility. Exploiting the structure revealed by top-objects divisibility, we then provide two sufficient conditions: preference richness and recursive decomposability. Existing sufficient conditions are restrictive in that they are satisfied only if there are sufficiently many agents relative to the number of objects; and that they only focus on preferences, ignoring other aspects of the problem that are also relevant to uniqueness. Our conditions overcome these limitations and can explain uniqueness for a wide range of economies.     

最后通牒实验与人类的公平感

作为行为博弈的代表性实验之一,最后通牒实验中提议者公平分配方案的提议行为和响应者对不公平分配方案的拒绝行为表明人们具有超越经济人自利的公平感。本文围绕最后通牒实验。简要梳理了最后通牒实验的渊源、争议及其相应发展,同时对最后通牒实验中的公平感及其神经基础做了简单介绍,最后针对公平感背后的经济学解释介绍了一个实验研究。     

What is an ‘endogenous state space’?

Summary. In the literature on choice under unforeseen contingencies, the decision maker behaves as if she aggregates possible instances of future rankings indexed by a set S. The set S is interpreted as a subjective state space even though subsequent rankings need not conform to any one of the aggregated utilities. This paper proposes a definition for a subjective state space under unforeseen contingencies that is topologically unique, derives its existence from preference primitives as opposed to the representation of preferences, and does not commit to an interpretation in which states correspond to future realized rankings. The definition topologically concurs with and extends the identification of the essentially unique subjective state space due to Dekel, Lipman and Rustichini [4].Received: 28 October 2003, Revised: 13 October 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D11, D81, D91.I thank Eddie Dekel, Alan Kraus, Bart Lipman, Chris Shannon, and the referee for some helpful remarks.     

互联网金融资产的多目标投资组合研究

互联网金融的快速发展和不断创新,正在悄然改变着公众的投资理财行为。本文在分析互联网金融创新下公众流动性偏好、投资行为变化与资产选择的基础上,构建基于CRRA(常数相对风险厌恶)期末财富期望效用最大化和VaR最小化的多目标投资组合模型。同时引入多目标优化的NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法,并选择实际数据对模型进行求解,得出最优的互联网金融资产组合。研究表明:(1)互联网金融给传统金融业带来冲击的同时,也改变了人们的流动性偏好、投资行为和资产组合选择。(2)互联网金融在一定程度上调和了金融资产“流动性、收益性和安全性”之间的矛盾,并兼顾了“三性”的相对统一。(3)模型求解结果显示,投资者对互联网金融资产的投资组合为低风险类资产60%左右、高风险类资产40%左右。     

Genetic distance and intra-national variation in preferences and behaviours

This paper investigates the relationship between genetic distance and intra-national variation in preferences and behaviours in the Chinese context. We focus on three categories of representative and fundamental preferences—risk, time, and social preferences—and related behaviours. The results suggest that genetic distance is positively related to the differences in risk, time, and social preferences. Furthermore, genetic distance is positively related to the differences in associated economic behaviours, including the differences in entrepreneurship, saving behaviour, cooperative behaviour, and prosocial behaviour. In general, an increase in one standard deviation of genetic distance is associated with an increase in differences in preferences and behaviours by 3–18 % of a standard deviation.     

政府创新偏好、创新要素流动与制造业升级

利用2004—2019年中国内地30个省域面板数据，系统考察创新人员流动和创新资本流动对制造业升级的影响效应及政府创新偏好的调节效应。结果表明，创新人员流动和创新资本流动均对制造业高级化、合理化有显著积极作用。影响机制检验表明，创新人员流动和创新资本流动通过提升创新能力间接推动制造业高级化、合理化；政府创新偏好在创新资本流动与制造业高级化、合理化以及创新人员流动与制造业高级化之间有显著正向调节作用，但对创新人员流动与制造业合理化的调节作用不显著；在两类创新要素流动推动制造业升级过程中，政府创新偏好的调节作用呈现非线性特征。结论对引导创新要素合理流动，推动制造业高级化、合理化发展具有重要借鉴意义。     

董事高管责任保险促进还是抑制企业创新

作为企业重要的治理机制,董事高管责任保险通过管理层风险偏好、管理水平及激励机制等因素进而影响企业创新,此影响过程究竟是促进还是抑制,尚存争论.基于沪深A股2007—2018年上市公司微观数据,实证研究了董事高管责任保险对企业创新的影响.研究发现:董事高管责任保险对企业创新存在显著的"创新激励"效应,特别是对创新产出和创新效率的提升作用明显,并在考虑控制内生性问题后,上述结论仍成立;企业高层的风险承受力与管理水平是董事高管责任保险对企业创新影响的重要机制和渠道,董事高管责任保险明显提高了管理层的风险承受力和管理能力,从而促进了企业创新;不同行业对"创新激励"效应存在显著的异质性,较高科技水平和竞争水平的行业"创新激励"效应更为明显.研究为完善上市公司治理结构,加快董事高管责任保险发展以促进企业创新具有重要的理论价值和政策意义.