HETEROGENEITY IN REAL WAGE CYCLICALITY

This paper presents evidence that real wage cyclicality can be a particularly heterogeneous parameter, depending on different worker characteristics and also on the specific stage of the business cycle. Using matched employer–employee panel data for Portugal covering the period 1986–2004, real wages are shown to be considerably more procyclical during recessions than during expansions, resulting in relatively moderate overall levels of cyclicality (about −0.6). However, most of the procyclicality during downturns is shown to be driven by the younger employees, as older workers appear to be insulated from the business cycle. Moreover, movers between firms typically display higher cyclicality than workers that stay in the same firm, regardless of whether the latter move or not between job levels. Most results also hold when considering basic wages instead of total wages, except that the procyclicality of movers during downturns is substantially higher.     

浅析农民工职业培训的紧迫性

文章通过对农民工这一特殊群体的经济利益、自身素质不高，以年轻人为主及其长期性、重要性等特性以及对职业培训以就业为目的、重技能训练、时间短、形式灵活等进行分析，提出农民工进行职业培训的可能性和紧迫性。     

Factors influencing employee perceptions in lean transformations

The purpose of the study was to investigate employee perceptions during a lean transformation.¹ The combination of case study and survey methodologies was used to define elements influencing the perceived lean success of shop floor employees. According to our findings, belief, commitment, work method and communication all have a considerable direct impact on workers' perceptions of lean success. However, their effects are very different based on the scope and focus of changes that is influenced by process characteristics. Perceptions regarding successful lean transformation during a moderate reorganisation of the company's welding plant, where mainly males work, are affected only by commitment and work method, whereas the deep reorganisation of the sewing plant (populated by female employees) is only influenced by belief and communication.     

创业激情、创业学习与农民工创业绩效

创业激情作为个人积极情绪的重要构成部分,是创业实践活动成功的重要因素,创业者具有的激情往往通过一定的创业学习行为才能真正实现企业的绩效。ABO模型提出创业者个人的情绪会影响创业者的学习行为,进而影响创业者的绩效。基于此,文章借鉴ABO理论,基于陕西省889份农民工创业者实地调研数据,结合农民工创业者特点,运用分步回归分析法和结构方程模型验证农民工创业激情、创业学习对创业绩效的影响机理。结果表明:农民工创业激情可以通过身份认同、创新、乐观、心流4个维度进行测度;创业激情中创新和心流对组织绩效和个人绩效均具有直接正向影响,身份认同与乐观只对个人绩效有直接正向影响;农民工创业学习对两类绩效均具有显著正向影响;创业学习在创新、心流与组织绩效、个人绩效之间均起到了中介作用,但在身份认同、乐观与两类绩效之间的中介作用不显著。研究成果可为中国情境下如何提升农民工的学习能力,进而保持其创业激情、提升其创业绩效提供理论参考和实践依据。     

Impact of commuting by workers on household dietary diversity in rural India

Drawing insights from the literature on transformation of rural non-farm employment, pathways from agriculture to nutrition, and linkages between migration and nutritional status of household, we seek to understand differences in dietary diversity across three mutually exclusive types of rural Indian households: where all members work in rural areas, at least one member commutes to urban areas, at least one member has no fixed place of work. Our analysis is based on a nationally representative data set from India for the year 2009–10 and we use propensity score matching methods. We find that as compared to households with no commuters, households with rural–urban commuters have higher dietary diversity; whereas households with no fixed place workers have lower dietary diversity. We also find differences in dietary diversity across households which differ by their primary source of income.     

科技工作者的审美倾向与其问题发现和解决的相关性分析

采用"中国公民人文素质调查问卷",对全国1089名科技工作者的审美倾向与问题解决进行了相关性分析。结果表明:科学美对于科技工作者具有极为重要的方法论意义,但不具有本体意义;科技工作者的"艺术美"审美倾向与问题解决不具有直接的相关关系,推动科学问题解决的审美倾向是科学美审美倾向,推动科学问题发现的审美倾向是自然美审美倾向,并针对上述结果进行了相应探讨。     

知识型员工工作自主性对建言行为的影响

基于工作特征模型理论和自我决定理论,考察了中国组织情境下工作自主性对员工建言行为的影响,检验了员工归属感的中介作用与领导正直度的调节作用。对收集到的224份有效样本进行了层次回归分析,研究结果表明：①工作自主性与员工建言行为显著正相关;②员工归属感在工作自主性与员工建言之间的关系中起完全中介作用;③领导正直度对工作自主性与员工归属感和员工建言之间的关系有显著的弱化效应,并且员工归属感完全中介工作自主性与领导正直度间交互作用对员工建言行为的影响。     

Improving Statistics on International Migration in Asia

International migration has reached unprecedented scale, diversity and political, economic, social and demographic significance in Asia over the last decade. Despite this data collection of migrant stocks and flows remains very limited in most Asian countries. Accordingly, policy making on migration in the region lacks an evidence base and is influenced by interest groups, anecdotal evidence and prejudice. This paper argues that the heightened security consciousness since 911 together with the development of efficient computer based collection and analysis of migration data systems has created a propitious environment for bringing about a parametric improvement in data collection on international migration in Asia. A number of suggestions are made in this regard, especially the inclusion of relevant international migration questions in the 2010 round of population censuses.     

农民工返乡创业收益影响因素研究

农民工返乡创业是近年来的研究热点。通过对湖南省和甘肃省的实地调查,获得了真实数据,利用Logistic模型实证研究返乡农民工的创业收益的影响因素,得出：湖南省返乡农民工的创业收益主要受资金投入、外出年限和受教育程度因素的影响;甘肃省返乡农民工创业收益主要受人力资本投入、资金投入以及外出年限因素的影响。由此提出促进农民工返乡创业、提高返乡农民工创业收益的相关政策建议。     

社会流动视角下农民工返乡创业路径研究

鼓励农民工返乡创业是解决"三农"问题和农村剩余劳动力转移等社会经济问题,贯彻落实科学发展观的重要举措。本文以社会流动理论为基础,揭示了返乡农民工创业的上升式社会流动本质,进而对其外生创业路径,即改造传统农业、支持城镇建设和承接产业转移,以及内生创业路径,即人力资本投资和社会资本投资进行了深入分析。