基于生态位模型的江苏省城市人力资源生态系统评价研究

人力资源生态系统是影响经济发展和人才流动的重要因素,准确评价人力资源生态系统有利于合理配置人力资源与优化人力资源生态环境。利用生态位模型,构建了城市人力资源生态系统评价指标体系,系统评价了江苏省13个城市的人力资源生态系统,并对城市人力资源生态系统聚类分析。研究结果表明：江苏省各城市人力资源生态系统的生态位值和综合评价值存在显著差异,并且城市聚类现象非常明显。苏州与南京为第一类城市,生态位值和综合评价值最高,有显著的综合竞争优势;第二类城市显现出“势”因子较强的牵引作用,尤其是在教育科技方面优势明显;第三类城市在经济发展指数、交通运输指数均处于较低水平,城市竞争力较弱。最后,提出了相应的对策。     

基于三螺旋理论的瑞典政产学合作模式研究

高效的创新体系是瑞典保持国家创新能力和国际竞争力的主要原因,而政产学网络化合作模式是瑞典创新体系的核心环节。在瑞典政产学合作模式下,政府起着创新引领作用,企业起着创新主体作用,大学和研究机构起着创新执行作用,政府、企业和大学相互作用,共同合作,实现三螺旋式上升发展。在我国创新体系建设中,要进一步明确我国政府指导性与服务性的双重角色定位,重视企业的创新主体作用,实现人才培养格局的多元化并完善科技成果转化机制。     

Modelling New Zealand dairy products: evidence on export survival and duration

This article presents evidence concerning the pattern of New Zealand dairy exports duration and survival from 1989 to 2017. It also analyses the influence of a set of supply, demand and gravity‐type drivers on the hazard rate for New Zealand dairy export relationships. The findings are summarised as follows. First, New Zealand dairy export relationships are dynamic with numerous entries and exits to and from foreign markets. Around half of the relationships survived for only 1–2 years at the sequence level. Second, duration of sequence, left‐censoring, initial export, decomposed sequences, New Zealand export price index, the number of cows available for dairy production, the number of origins and destinations, and destination partner’s GDP are the most significant factors reducing the hazard rate of export relationships. As regards the effects of the non‐tariff measures, it is interesting that technical barriers of trade are found to significantly decrease the hazard rate. Only pre‐shipment inspection and contingent trade protective measures are significant impediments to New Zealand dairy export relationships. Finally, hazard probabilities for New Zealand dairy export relationships are estimated to be ‘L‐shaped’ over time, whether or not non‐tariff measures are applied to New Zealand dairy products.     

Effectiveness of harvest strategies in achieving multiple management objectives in a multispecies fishery

Fisheries management is characterised by multiple objectives, some of which may be complementary, while others may require trade‐offs between outcomes. Balancing these objectives is made more complex in the case of multispecies and multigear fisheries. In this paper, we develop a bioeconomic model that captures the key elements of such a fishery to test a range of potential harvest strategies to provide insights into how economic target reference points could lead to both desirable and undesirable management outcomes (e.g. discards). The model is developed as a long‐run optimisation model to identify target reference points to achieve multispecies maximum economic yield, and a dynamic recursive optimisation model, which includes more realistic representation of fishers’ behaviour, such as discards and trading of under‐caught species quotas. The potential economic, social and ecological impacts are evaluated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results suggest that the use of proxy target reference points can result in short‐term economic benefits at the cost of slower stock recovery and higher discarding. Limiting the number of species subject to quota controls may also prove beneficial in multispecies fisheries, while ensuring quota markets are efficient is likely to produce benefits irrespective of the harvest strategy adopted.     

Impacts of Australia’s free trade agreements on trade in agricultural products: an aggregative and disaggregative analysis

The importance of free trade agreements (FTAs) has been increasing as such agreements help reduce barriers to trade. This paper estimates the agricultural trade creation and export diversion effects of Australia’s free trade agreements (FTAs) at the aggregate and disaggregate levels, using the Poisson pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood (PPML) estimator. It includes 24 of Australia’s major trading partner countries comprising FTA and non‐FTA members and covers 22 years from 1996 to 2017. The heteroscedasticity robust regression error specification test (RESET) confirms the relevance of PPML over the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimator. Results showed that China–Australia, Korea–Australia, Australia–USA and Japan–Australia have larger trade creation effects in the agricultural sector. At the commodity level, variation in trade creation effects is estimated from the different trade agreements. Among the selected commodities, the larger effects were generated in trade in sugar and wine by the implementation of the majority of the trade agreements. Overall, the trade creation was greater than the export diversion of the FTAs. The findings of the study have implications for Australia’s future trade agreements.     

Climate change adaptation actions by fish farmers: evidence from the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

This paper examined climate change adaptation strategies in fish farming and the effect of such methods on the profit of fish farmers in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country. Using cross‐sectional data obtained from 420 fish farmers from the region and applying multivariate probit and instrumental variable regressions, the study found that fish farmers have adopted a broad range of strategies to address climate risk and that these have significantly increased farmers’ profit. Our findings indicated important relationships between certain farm, socio‐economic and institutional characteristics and the adaptation actions. The study provides useful insight into factors that potentially encourage the adoption of livelihood‐enhancing climate risk adaptation strategies by fish farmers in the Niger Delta region and similar contexts.     

面向新型城镇化的知识协同创新模式构建

知识产生科技,科技服务于生产,未来是知识经济社会,新型城镇化建设也要在这个历史范畴中走过。如何让知识服务业与新型城镇化建设融为一体,在发展知识服务业的同时又能加快新型城镇化建设的步伐是当今要解决的主要问题。以此为研究切入点,构建了面向城镇化的知识协同创新模式,该模式具有高度的互动性特征,其应以中介机构为协调、以高校为主导、创新的主体应趋于民众化的指导原则来构建。该模式的应用,一方面有利于充实城镇化发展理论的研究内容,另一方面可以为推动城镇化发展和经济社会加速转型提供科学思想支撑。     

网络嵌入视角的电商平台企业知识学习行为的关键影响因素研究——解释结构模型的探索性应用

网络嵌入视角的电商平台企业的知识学习行为研究是一个探索性较强的研究议题,而关键影响因素研究是基础性问题之一,受到各领域学者的较多关注。采取解释结构模型方法,针对电商平台企业知识学习行为的关键影响因素进行实证研究。研究得到边界跨越、结构嵌入、探索学习、知识搜寻等27个子范畴,并结合浙江杭州的经验证据,进行了语素阐释。研究丰富了企业知识学习理论,并对电商平台企业的知识学习实践有启示价值。     

农村金融发展对农业技术创新影响研究

利用中国30个省（市、区）2000-2017年的面板数据,通过静态固定效应面板模型和系统GMM模型实证研究了金融发展对农业技术创新的影响。研究结果表明：①农业金融发展显著提升了农业技术创新水平的提高;②财政支农、机械化总动力和人均农村固定资产投资额也不同程度的提升了农业技术创新水平,但农业经济增长不是农业技术创新显著的影响因素。因此,应不断加大农村金融对农业技术创新的助推效应,挖掘农村金融支持新的着力点,不断提高农业机械化程度和农村固定资产投资力度。     

基于DEA-CRITIC的集团公司科技创新效率评价

通过对某发电集团公司的业务进行划分,建立了生产经营、科技研发和技术服务三类科技创新投入、产出指标体系。运用DEA模型对每类业务的创新单位进行科技创新效率评价,对于有效单位通过CRITIC法进一步挖掘其关键影响指标,并进行科技创新效率排名。选取集团公司科技研发类单位2017-2019年创新数据进行实证研究,研究表明：科技研发类单位整体科技创新效率较高,但部分单位存在科技创新效率排名波动较大、科技创新效率较低和科技创新效率排名逐年下滑等问题。