油价冲击、货币政策调整与产出波动——基于中国的经验证据

本文基于我国2001-2010年宏观经济月度数据,采用SVAR模型分析了国际油价波动时,央行货币政策在排除回应油价干扰与未排除干扰下的反应差异及油价波动对产出的影响。研究发现,在排除货币政策回应油价波动干扰后,通过脉冲响应函数反映的油价波动对产出的短期负面影响消失。方差分解结果显示,长期内产出波动由油价冲击和货币政策解释的比例分别为5716%和32480%,比排除干扰前分别下降了2569%和4560%。这说明我国油价冲击带来的经济衰退主要是因为货币政策及其回应油价冲击紧缩所致。此外,面对油价的短期冲击,CPI指数并未随着生产者购进价格指数上升而上升,产出也未发生明显的衰减;但在较长时间内,油价上升会因为相对价格的改变,而影响CPI水平和货币政策,从而对产出产生显著的负面影响。     

全球经济失衡加剧的政策成因——基于中美内外部经济失衡的视角

本文以中美两国内外部经济失衡为视角,从政策层面解释了2001～2007年全球经济失衡为何呈扩大趋势,提出了全球经济失衡加剧的＂政策引致假说＂。从中美两国角度来分析,全球经济失衡即表现为中美两国的外部经济失衡。结构向量自回归模型（SVAR）分析表明,中国的引进外资政策致使经常账户盈余过多,这种外部经济失衡进一步引起了内部经济失衡。国民收入决定模型（AENI）分析认为,美国为应对其内部经济失衡,采取的减税政策使其外部失衡加剧。为应对全球经济失衡,中国应调整其引进外资的政策,进行出口部门的产业结构升级;美国应适时调整其税收政策,减少财政赤字,削减贸易壁垒,等等。     

银行信贷与宏观经济波动:2003—2009

基于中国宏观经济金融的现实环境,通过构建反映宏观经济变量之间内在联系的结构向量自回归(SVAR)模型,实证检验2003年以来银行信贷投放对中国宏观经济波动的影响。结果表明:一方面,中国信贷规模资金的投放对宏观经济的稳定发展产生了重要的推动作用,但是信贷投放对经济增长的冲击效应会随着时间的变化逐渐趋弱;另一方面,短期来看,信贷资金的大规模投放不会对物价水平的攀升产生影响,但由于其是物价变动的主要因素,在长期内,必须合理估计中国将来在物价水平调控方面可能面临的较大压力。     

美国货币政策的国际传递效应及其影响的实证研究

本文实证研究发现美国货币政策对各国产出水平、净出口和物价具有国际传递效应,其中对各国物价的影响还具有同步效应.结构化脉冲响应分析表明,美国货币政策可在基本不损害美国经济增长的情况下改善美国的贸易收支,并对其他国家的经济增长产生负面影响,对中国贸易顺差波动影响尤为显著.因此必须关注美国货币政策的道德风险,谨防美国采取损人利己行为所带来的全球性冲击,并从货币政策的角度来挖掘平衡中国贸易收支的手段和方法.     

Broken trend stationarity of hours worked

The estimated impact of a technology shock on hours worked using Structural Vector Autoregressions (SVARs) depends to a great extent on whether or not hours worked is considered to be integrated of first order. It is shown in this article that the widely analysed time series of hours worked per capita in the US business sector evolves around a broken linear trend. When this fact is taken into account, the unit root null is rejected by recently proposed tests. Therefore, it can be stated that empirical specifications with hours in first differences are not recommended. It seems more appropriate to control for the presence of this shift in the deterministic component. We also draw this conclusion from a bivariate model for both productivity growth and hours worked. Our results suggest that technology improvements have a negative but nonsignificant effect on hours only in the very short run. This impact later becomes positive and statistically significant after five periods.     

Asset prices and expected monetary policy: evidence from daily data

This article explores the relationships among Libor, gold prices, the exchange rate, oil prices, fed funds futures prices and stock prices at a daily frequency. This article examines whether expected monetary policy, measured by changes in the prices of fed funds futures contracts, reacts to high frequency changes in asset prices and, in turn, whether asset prices respond to changes in expected monetary policy. The article reveals that there are statistically significant relationships between expected US monetary policy and shocks to Libor and exchange rates. It also reveals that there is no evidence of a systematic relationship between stock prices and expected monetary policy changes. Splitting the data into expansionary and recessionary periods using NBER dating, we find results for the expansionary periods that are very similar to the results for the entire period. For the periods of recession, we find little evidence of significant linkages between markets.     

The impact of rising EU Allowance prices on core inflation in the Eurozone

This article examines the impact of EU Allowance (EUA) prices on core inflation in the Eurozone between 2005 and 2022. The empirical results suggest that a positive shock to the EUA price led to higher long-run inflation expectations and core inflation. This implies that the rise in EUA prices can be passed on to consumers and enterprises, leading to an increase in production costs and consumer prices. And, while a positive shock to EUA prices may promote investment in renewable energy in the short term, the impact is not statistically significant and does not last long. The results suggest considerable potential for European policymakers to re-examine policy mechanisms to accelerate renewable energy investment and maintain price stability in the medium term.     

货币政策对房地产市场冲击效力的动态测度

以货币政策传导渠道为理论依据,通过结构向量自回归(SVAR)模型构造货币政策对房地产市场的作用途径,可测度各种货币政策工具冲击对我国房地产市场供求的相对强度.实证分析结果表明,利率政策的冲击效力明显且持久,是调控房地产市场最有效的货币政策工具;紧缩的信贷政策仅能在短期内抑制房地产市场需求,长期效果欠佳;而货币供给量冲击对房地产市场的影响并不显著.相对于房地产需求,房地产市场供给对各种货币政策工具冲击的响应深度高,但响应速度较慢.     

Nonlinear Transmission of Financial Shocks: Some New Evidence

Financial shocks generate a protracted and quantitatively important effect on real economic activity and financial markets only if the shocks are both negative and large. Otherwise, their role is quite modest. Financial shocks have become more important for economic fluctuations after 2000 and have contributed substantially to deepening the recessions of 2001 and 2008. The evidence is obtained using a new econometric procedure based on a Vector Moving Average representation that includes a nonlinear function of the financial shock. This method is a contribution of the present work.     

中国经济周期波动中冲击构成的实证分析

利用SVAR模型对中国经济周期波动中冲击构成进行分析,同时运用ADF单位根检验、Granger因果关系检验、脉冲响应和方差分解等计量经济方法研究了产出、利率和财政支出与我国宏观经济波动的关系。研究结果表明：利率外生于系统,但产出和财政支出互为格兰杰因果关系;我国的货币政策在长期非中性,它可以直接影响到产出和其他实际变量;产出对源于产品市场的需求冲击和产品的供给冲击的响应均是正向的;经济周期波动中供给冲击所占比重小于需求冲击所占的比重。