Oil price shocks and credit spread: Structural effect and dynamic spillover

This study analyzes the heterogeneous response of U.S. credit spread to global oil price shocks by building an extended structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR), which can distinguish among the U.S. and non-US oil supply shocks, aggregated demand shocks and oil market-specific demand shocks behind the real oil prices. Meanwhile, a spillover index model developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) (hereafter D.Y. (2012)) is used to estimate the link between oil price shocks and the U.S. credit spread over time. The results show that (i) the credit spread does not respond to global oil supply shocks and non-US oil supply shocks, but has a negative reaction to the U.S. oil supply shocks, aggregate demand shocks, and oil-market-specific demand shocks. (ii) There exists a close connectedness between oil price shocks and the U.S. credit spread, and the link fluctuates cyclically and relates to the economic cycle and the U.S. shale oil revolution. (iii) The spillover from different oil price shocks to the U.S. credit spread shows significant heterogeneity over time. Our findings suggest that policymakers and investors can better track the U.S. credit spread changes using oil price information.     

Monetary policy and long‐term interest rates: Evidence from the U.S. economy

This paper addresses the ability of central banks to affect the structure of interest rates. We assess the causal relationship between the short‐term Effective Federal Funds Rate (FF) and long‐term interest rates associated with both public and private bonds and specifically, the 10‐Year Treasury Bond (GB10Y) and the Moody's Aaa Corporate Bond (AAA). To do this, we apply Structural Vector Autoregressive models to U.S. monthly data for the 1954–2018 period. Based on results derived from impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition, we find: a bidirectional relationship when GB10Y is considered as the long‐term rate and a unidirectional relationship that moves from short‐ to long‐term interest rates when AAA is considered. These conclusions show that monetary policy is able to permanently affect long‐term interest rates and the central bank has a certain degree of freedom in setting the levels of the short‐term policy rate.     

The theory of storage in the crude oil futures market,the role of financial conditions

This study examines the impacts of inventory and financial instability on the basis of the crude oil market. The results show that, first, the basis rises with inventory, and this effect is higher during low inventory regimes. This validates the theory of storage in the crude oil market. Second, the basis rises with financial instability, and this effect is higher during turbulent regimes. These results warn the oil market participants that, to make decisions based on the basis variation, traditionally known as a signal of scarcity or abundance, the underlying cause of the variation has to be considered.     

Monetary policy volatility shocks in Brazil

This paper provides empirical evidence of the impact of changes in volatility of monetary policy in Brazil using a model where the time-varying volatility of shocks directly affects the level of observed variables. Contrary to the literature, an increase in monetary policy volatility results in higher inflation, combined with reduction in output. Qualitative differences of impulse responses functions are explained using a calibrated small-scale dynamic model, where the habit persistence in consumption, combined with the design of monetary policy, plays a key role in results. Firms tend to increase prices under higher volatility, in order to avoid costs of resetting over time. Working capital constraints amplify the effects of interest rate volatility shocks on prices.     

组织创新、技术创新及二者交互匹配对企业绩效的动态影响研究——以高技术企业为例

从动态视角,深入探究组织创新与技术创新匹配关系对企业绩效影响的及时性和滞后性。具体通过构建由组织创新、技术创新、二者交互匹配与企业绩效四个变量组成的SVAR模型,通过检验表明不同变量间存在长期的均衡与因果关系。进一步运用脉冲响应分析和预测方差分解法,深入剖析不同变量间的长期动态影响关系。研究结果表明,企业绩效在短期内受自身一定程度的影响,技术创新对企业绩效的正向影响具有及时性和持续性,组织创新对企业绩效却产生滞后与深远的正向效应,而二者交互匹配对企业绩效的影响具有及时性和持续性。长期来看,三者分别对企业绩效产生动态、持续的正向效应,组织创新与技术创新分别对企业绩效的贡献度趋于一致,确保二者协调、有效匹配,共同带动企业绩效的持久、稳定增长。     

金融发展、城市化与城乡收入差距——基于SVAR模型的检验

本文运用结构向量自回归（SVAR）模型方法,对中国1978年～2007年金融发展、城市化与城乡收入差距的关系做出实证研究。结果表明：金融发展规模与城乡收入差距正相关,并且证实了在长期金融发展与城乡收入差距之间存在库兹涅茨效应,即所谓的倒U型关系。金融发展效率与城乡收入差距负相关,得到了中国尚处于金融发展初期的结论,并具体提出一些建议。     

我国投资政策的省际差异效应:基于SVAR模型的估计

以各地的人均实际GDP、实际投资、消费者价格指数等为变量,本文建立了一个结构向量自回归SVAR模型。脉冲响应模拟结果显示,我国的投资政策存在明显的省际差异效应,投资对东部省份经济增长的推动作用最大,其次是中部,对西部的影响甚微。各地人力资本水平的差别是造成投资政策省际差异效应的主要原因。为了加快中西部落后省份的发展,充分发挥投资政策对区域协调发展的促进作用,在加大对中西部物质资本投资力度的同时,要着力提高其教育,特别是中学教育的水平。     

中国紧缩性与扩张性货币政策的区域效应研究

将货币政策分解为紧缩性和扩张性,利用SVAR模型及脉冲响应函数对八大综合经济区的货币政策区域效应进行研究,结果表明,紧缩性和扩张性的货币政策均具有显著的区域效应,紧缩性货币政策的区域效应将更加倾向于加大区域经济发展不平衡的趋势。区域间的经济发展水平、金融结构、企业状况和居民的投资和消费倾向的差异,是导致了货币政策区域效应的主要原因。     

The Onshore–Offshore Exchange Rate Differential,Interest Rate Spreads,and Internationalization: Evidence from the Hong Kong Offshore Renminbi Market

This article investigates the linkages among the onshore–offshore exchange rate differential, interest rate spreads, and Hong Kong’s RMB deposits (a proxy for RMB internationalization), based on a structural vector autoregression model. We find that this differential and the spreads have significant effects on Hong Kong’s RMB deposits, but the rise in the spreads will lead to a decline in offshore RMB deposits in Hong Kong. The differential is a stronger factor than spread shocks in explaining fluctuations in Hong Kong’s RMB deposits. Moreover, an analysis of sources of the divergence in the differential and spreads finds several economic variables that are the significant and main factors.     

中国出口商品结构变化、产业结构优化升级与经济增长动态影响关系的实证研究——基于SVAR 模型

本文基于中国1985~2015 年的时间序列数据构建SVAR 模型,实证检验了出口商品结构变化、产业结构优化与经济增长之间的影响关系,并进行了脉冲响应分析和方差分解分析。结果表明: 当期的出口商品结构变化对经济增长与产业结构优化对出口商品结构变化均产生显著的正影响;从跨期来看,产业结构优化和经济增长冲击主要来自于自身,出口商品结构变化对产业结构优化与产业结构优化对经济增长产生的正向冲击与影响贡献率均较小。