The development of consulting in goods-based companies

The article focuses on the developments in several B2B companies which traditionally produce goods and based on this experience are trying to enter the business of management consulting. It is the aim of the paper to identify the specific challenges that these companies are facing regarding marketing and selling their management consulting services. Furthermore hypotheses are developed that should give direction how to overcome those challenges successfully. Due to the lack of current research results, an explorative case study approach is chosen referring to two companies from the IT industry having gained relevant experience in this business area. In addition, theoretical frameworks demonstrate the plausibility of the hypotheses developed. If further research supports these hypotheses, it will have significant impact on the market strategy, marketing communication and sales organization of companies going to increase their consulting services.     

产学合作利益机制的核心——知识产权保护

80年代后，产学合作并没有如人们想象的那样迅速发展为科研生产联合集团，大学与企业的合作仍多以一次性技术转让为主。大学缺少拥有自己知识产权的技术成果或缺乏运用知识产权获益的手段是影响我国产学合作难以深化的重要原因之一。本文作者通过对东南大学“国家专用集成电路系统工程研究中心”的调查，提出三个相互连接递进的观点：形成自己的知识产权是开展产学合作的基础；运用知识产权获利是产学合作持续的动力；有效保护知识产权是产学合作愉快的关键。     

Monitoring process quality in off-shore outsourcing: A model and findings from multi-country survey

We investigate how recent advances in information technology and telecommunications have led to real-time monitoring of processes at the site of the provider by a buyer located across the globe. We construct a game-theoretic model of the dynamics of the buyer–supplier interaction in the presence of moral hazard and incomplete contracting. We derive the Minimum Quality Threshold (MQT) below which the provider's output will certainly be inspected. Our findings show that the buyer can pick a level of monitoring and thereby force the provider to exceed the quality level of the MQT in output quality and avoid costly and wasteful inspection. Finally, our model explains why the production of processes that are complex and more prone to errors are actually monitored less by the buyers. We furnish the results of a comprehensive, multi-year, multi-country survey of the efficacy of monitoring in off-shore outsourcing projects and demonstrate strong empirical support for the findings of the model.     

Measuring customer value and satisfaction in services transactions,scale development,validation and cross‐cultural comparison

Customer value and customer satisfaction are pivotal but at the same time elusive concepts in services marketing theory. This paper focuses on discussing the relationship between these two concepts. We propose operationalization by developing and testing scales, especially operational indicators, for important dimensions and drivers of the services‐value construct. A multitrait‐multimethod design is used to test the robustness of the operationalization. Furthermore, a cross‐cultural data set is used to explore country influences using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models. Results indicate that the measurement construct is robust and useful in country‐comparative studies.     

Self-diminishing effects of awe on consumer forgiveness in service encounters

Previous studies address consumers' emotions as an endogenous consequence of the service experience and assume that consumers base their decisions to forgive on the service situation's features; however, they rarely mention the role of the emotions that people might be experiencing, for reasons unrelated to the service failure itself. The current study thus considers a foundational but rarely examined human experience in business settings, awe, as well as its prosocial effect in service encounters. Incidental awe might alleviate the negative impacts of a service failure and enhance consumer forgiveness, through self-diminishment processes. Using four scenario-based experiments, referring to four types of service failures (outcome, process, controllable, and uncontrollable failures), this study tests for the positive effect of awe on consumers' inclination to forgive service failures and the mediating role of the small self in this effect. The present research thus enriches understanding of consumer forgiveness due to incidental emotions, which offers marketers some insights into how they might leverage methods that affect consumers' incidental emotions to encourage consumer forgiveness in service failures.     

Carrier collaboration with endogenous networks: Or,the limits of what carrier collaboration can achieve under antitrust immunity

Airlines maintain complex networks that are to large extents complementary. Therefore, some passengers need to change aircraft and airlines to fly from their origin to their final destination. The present study captures pricing problems in terms of double marginalization but goes one step further by incorporating network choices. The model involves a two-stage game with two carriers who choose their complementary networks in the first stage and fares in the second stage. Each carrier's network involves one or two links that are distributed geographically or distributed in time. If both carriers maintain two links, then transfer passengers can choose between two alternative connections which they consider as imperfect substitutes. There are only transfer passengers, and maintaining a link is costly. The analysis reveals that carrier collaboration and antitrust immunity can eliminate double marginalization and create incentives to extend networks. Our results indicate that the scope for the improvement of carrier networks via antritrust immunity can be rather limited relative to the social desirability of more extensive carrier networks. A possible policy lesson is that airlines should be granted antitrust immunity conditional on network expansion and/or frequency obligations.     

定制化知识密集型服务系统价值共创耦合机制研究

满足顾客个性化需求的定制化知识密集型服务已成为服务业发展的主流业态。在明晰定制化知识密集型服务内涵、特征和类型的基础上，基于服务提供者与客户间的紧密互动对定制化知识密集型服务过程中包含系统耦合与过程耦合的双重价值共创耦合机制进行系统分析，旨在为提升客户定制化知识密集型服务选择的科学决策水平及促进产业快速发展提供理论支撑。     

Exploring Airbnb service quality attributes and their asymmetric effects on customer satisfaction

With the rise of the sharing economy, Airbnb has become the predominant example of the online peer-to-peer accommodation market in the hospitality industry. This study adopts a mixed method approach to systematically and comprehensively capture various service aspects of Airbnb. Two main studies are conducted to identify key service quality (SQ) attributes of Airbnb, verify the dimensionality of the SQ attributes, and examine the effects of these attributes on customer satisfaction (CS). The first qualitative study generated a list of SQ attributes by collecting and analyzing 16,430 online reviews. In the second study, online survey (N = 322) is conducted to identify multiple dimensions of SQ attributes and examine their asymmetric effects on CS using impact-range performance analysis and impact asymmetry analysis. Findings suggest that Airbnb has multiple SQ attributes associated with website, host, and facility that produce distinctive effects on CS.     

高技术产业集聚对产业效率的影响

高技术产业集聚对产业效率具有一定的促进作用，但二者关系还受经济发展水平和对外开放程度的影响。基于1995—2016年我国内地多个省市高技术产业面板数据，构建交互项和面板门限回归模型，就经济发展和对外开放对高技术产业集聚与效率的影响进行实证检验。结果表明，高技术产业集聚与经济发展的交互项系数为负，与对外开的放交互项系数为正，对产业效率的影响存在显著的经济发展和对外开放门限效应。随着经济发展水平提升，高技术产业集聚对产业效率的正向影响会减弱，证明了威廉姆森假说在我国高技术产业中的存在性；随着对外开放程度提升，高技术产业集聚对产业效率的正向影响会增强，否定了开放性假说。     

人工智能技术产业化创新生态系统风险归因及治理体系研究

人工智能在迈向产业化过程中会逐渐形成独特的创新生态系统，但同时也会引发风险危机和治理挑战，给创新生态系统稳健发展带来极大隐患，亟需对创新生态系统的风险治理进行深入探讨。从创新生态系统理论视角出发，聚焦人工智能技术产业化创新生态系统风险治理议题，根据风险诱发属性，将其归结为内生性风险（数据风险、算法风险）和外生性风险（算法歧视、算法滥用），并围绕治理主体、治理原则和治理路径3个方面建立风险治理体系，系统分析人工智能技术产业化创新生态系统的风险治理主体构成以及形成的多层次群落结构，分析和归纳出风险治理需要遵循的根本原则，并详细揭示内生性风险和外生性风险的具体治理路径，旨在为降低我国人工智能技术产业化过程中的风险，促进创新生态系统升级提供理论指导和有益启示。