人工智能技术产业化创新生态系统风险归因及治理体系研究

人工智能在迈向产业化过程中会逐渐形成独特的创新生态系统，但同时也会引发风险危机和治理挑战，给创新生态系统稳健发展带来极大隐患，亟需对创新生态系统的风险治理进行深入探讨。从创新生态系统理论视角出发，聚焦人工智能技术产业化创新生态系统风险治理议题，根据风险诱发属性，将其归结为内生性风险（数据风险、算法风险）和外生性风险（算法歧视、算法滥用），并围绕治理主体、治理原则和治理路径3个方面建立风险治理体系，系统分析人工智能技术产业化创新生态系统的风险治理主体构成以及形成的多层次群落结构，分析和归纳出风险治理需要遵循的根本原则，并详细揭示内生性风险和外生性风险的具体治理路径，旨在为降低我国人工智能技术产业化过程中的风险，促进创新生态系统升级提供理论指导和有益启示。     

私法自治原则下职务发明奖酬制度研究

职务发明法律制度旨在协调职务发明人与单位间的利益关系，鼓励相关主体创新，进而促进科技成果转化、加快创新型国家建设。然而《职务发明条例（草案）》中的职务发明奖酬制度约定优先原则极不稳定及政府对市场过度干预的现实，与职务发明制度立法目的背道而驰。因此，要实现对立法本质的回归，应坚持以私法自治为基础，建立以企业为主体、市场为导向的科技创新激励机制，充分发挥科技成果转化相关立法的激励作用。     

The timing of fostering complementary innovation: exploring the antecedent of industry platform emergence

This paper concentrates on exploring the antecedent of industry platform emergence in order to clarify the appropriate timing of opening the platform to successfully architect innovation by external complementors. An industry platform is defined as a core component of a technological system, which facilitates firms in orchestrating complementary innovation leading to the creation of network effects. Literature on industry platforms has mainly paid attention to investigating strategies that firms can implement to foster platform ecosystems. Relatively little research has been done on analysing the suitable timing of increasing platform openness. This incomplete understanding may cause confusion in the use of the industry platform concept, when deciding on the timing of encouraging complementary innovation. To explore this issue, a case study approach was employed to collecting and analysing research data. A total of five case studies were conducted. The case study findings suggest that the appropriate user acceptance of a product platform can be regarded as the antecedent of platform emergence, and this can help firms decide on the timing of opening the platform for the purpose of successfully steering complementary innovation. The research findings have made theoretical contributions to knowledge and have provided firms with practical implications.     

Incentivized methods to generate electronic word-of-mouth: Implications for the resort industry

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) via social media and the internet is a popular channel through which consumers are communicating with other consumers. To increase eWOM effectiveness, some resorts have developed alternative methods to incentivize consumers to generate eWOM. These methods include: hiring reviewers, providing social currency to acquire products at a later date, or providing free product (stays at their resort). Under the theoretical framework of the Persuasion Knowledge Model (Friestad and Wright, 1994), the impact of these methods on consumers’ perception of the resort’s image, moral judgments regarding the methods, and attitudes toward the resort was studied through an experiment. We found that the different methods to incentivize eWOM yielded significantly different moral judgments, which then predicted consumers’ attitudes toward the resort and the resort’s image. Additionally, different levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumers’ perception of industry practice norms also had effects on consumers’ moral judgments.     

企业创新投入对行业成长性的影响

在“万众创新”背景下，已有文献关注到企业创新投入在微观层面的经济后果，但对中观视角行业表现的作用机制研究较少。以我国沪、深两市A股上市公司为研究对象，探究企业创新投入对行业成长性的影响机理以及行业研发环境和企业市场势力的调节效应。结果发现，企业研发资金投入强度和技术人员投入强度与行业成长性间存在显著正相关关系，行业技术环境和行业政策环境起正向调节效应，但企业市场势力会削弱上述正向关系。研究结论不受内生性问题的影响，且稳健性检验结果并未发生改变。建议构建包含政府、行业和企业的协同创新体系，通过创新政策支持、优势资源整合及良好环境的营造，促进企业创新投入和行业可持续发展。     

内部创新与外源创新谁更有效

运用面板数据分析方法，依据2006-2015年中国ICT产业数据，分析了内部创新和外源创新两类创新对产业绩效的影响差异及内在机制。结果表明:内部创新是ICT产业最重要的创新动力，内部R&D经费支出显著性水平高于新产品开发经费支出，但前者对经济绩效的影响程度小于后者；外源创新总体绩效不佳，多种创新模式正向协同效应未充分发挥。     

Ethics support through rapport: Elaborating the impact of service provider rapport on ethical behaviour intention of the tourists

Tourism research is concerned about increasing tourist visits yet simultaneously reducing the negative impact of tourism activities for the local communities by promoting the ethical behaviour of the tourists built upon the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, this research aims to test the influence of tourism service provider rapport on ethical behaviour intention of the tourists. Specifically, we propose that service provider rapport induces happiness that broadens moral cognition and build personal resources to perform ethical behaviour. Using a scenario-based survey, we found that happiness induced by service provider rapport can improve ethical behaviour. Moreover, happiness also elevates tourist's moral identity centrality, leading to ethical judgment and ethical behaviour intention. Thus, moral identity and ethical judgment are not stable for an individual. The theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed further.     

Innovative behavior motivations among frontline employees: The mediating role of knowledge management

Labor-intensive industries face challenges when designing innovative, customer-oriented service strategies at the employee level, since service is mainly produced and delivered to customers not by technology or machines but by human resources. In other words, the role of frontline employees is particularly critical in customers’ belief formation of whether a service company is innovative or not. Therefore, this study was conducted to formulate and investigate the psychological process of frontline employees’ innovative behaviors. To achieve the purpose, this study collected data from frontline employees in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. This study contributes to the motivation literature in human resources management by adapting and considering a marketing approach based on three aspects of motivation: global, contextual, and situational. This study also examined whether motivation factors may increase knowledge-management capabilities and subsequently stimulate innovative behaviors, which are critical to the successful implementation of service improvements among frontline employees.     

To err is human: Tolerate humans instead of machines in service failure

Full automation and self-service technologies have become popular in service marketing. However, customers often face multiple issues when dealing with self-service technologies. This paper examines the effect of service-failure type (employee failure vs. self-service technology failure) on customers' negative responses (dissatisfaction, forgiveness, willingness to switch between employee and self-service technology, and negative word of mouth). Through four experiments with Amazon Mechanical Turk workers and undergraduate students, this research finds that customers have more negative responses for a self-service technology failure than for an employee failure. This is because they get angrier with machines' mistakes than with those of humans. Moreover, empathy alleviates anger and customers’ negative responses in employee failure, but not in self-service technology failure. This research offers service providers new insights by scrutinizing the flip side of complete automation in service marketing.